Judaism Test Flashcards
Abraham
- one of the 4 major patriarchs of judaism
- Hebrew scriptures began with Abraham
- a man of immense faith
Ark
place of honor where the scrolls of the torah are kept
Ba’al Shem tov (Rabbi Israel ben Eliezer)
emphasizes how God is present in ALL aspects of jewish life, message integral to hasidism (pious)
Babylonian Talmud
better compilation commentary compared to Jerusalem Talmud
Covenant
agreement between God and God’s people, one existed between God and the Israelites
Dead Sea Scrolls
where Essenes are discovered
Dreidel
four sided spinning top, hanukkah
Essenes
- jewish group in late 1940s
- monastic, scrupulosity for the Law
Halakhah
process of intercepting the laws, done by rabbis
Hasidism
personal relationship with God, pious
Hellenization
resulted from conquests of Alexander the Great, adaptations of Greek ways and speech, rise of synagogue/centers
Holocaust (biblical meaning)
Shoah, gained support for zion mov (established Israel)
Isaac
son of Abraham and Sarah, second patriarch, “he will laugh”
Jacob
ancestor of faith for catholicism, patriarch
Jerusalem Talmud
worse than Babylonian
Kashrut
jewish dietary laws
Mezuzah
jews place on exterior doorpost of house, contains jewish scripture (schema)
Midrash
Talmud’s/rabbinical literature contains, “too seek out or examine,” assumes scripture provides answer for everything in life
Mishnah
oral torah, “teaching,” organizes law into 6 sections
Mitzvoth
613 commandments in the torah aren’t strict rules (God’s guidance for happiness)
Monotheism
belief in one God
Moses
ancestor of faith for catholicism, patriarch
Moses Maimonides
most famous Jewish philosopher, argues there’s no contradiction between philosophy and jewish religion
Oral Torah
explanation and interpretation of the written torah
Oral tradition
written into the torah during age of prophets, means law or instruction
Patriarch
Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Joseph
founding fathers
Pharisees
interpreted the torah a bit looser than the Sadducees, used oral tradition/popular customs
Sadducees
identified as biological descendants of Zodak, doesn’t accept resurrection, stricter interpretation of the torah than Pharisees
Pogroms
encourages massacres and expulsions
Polytheism
belief in more than one God
Rashi
Shlomo ben Itsak
- his commentaries were learned by most Jews at a young age
Septuagint
seventy
Shiva
seven days, jewish mourning ritual
Spanish Inquisition
to weed out jews who didn’t convert to christianity
Synagogue
centers for prayer, study, and fellowship
Talmud
inspired and guided jews in religious life
Tanakh
hebrew bible
Torah
story of judaism (god gave torah to israel), a scroll, where the torah is god is present in an extraordinary/ordinary way
Written Torah
one of the 2 torahs
Zionism
movement seeking for jews to return to palestine
Kosher
meat can only come from animals w/ split hooves and chew their cud (cows, sheep, goats)
pork/shellfish and cheese is NOT kosher
List the 4 core beliefs of Judaism; conclude with an explanation of the lack of doctrine within Judaism
- one god
- god created everything including humans whom he made in his image
- he chose people to share his revelation and carry his blessing (israelites, jews, hebrews)
- god created a covenant w/ israelites
- instead of a doctrine, Judaism embraces a variety of interpretations and practice, allowing for flexibility and adaptation to cultural contexts and history circumstances
Explain the relationship between Judaism and Catholicism
- Judaism and Catholicism share historical and theological connections
- catholicism emerged from judaism through the teachings of Jesus Christ
- relationship between the two has also experiences tension/conflict
- share ethical principles (justice/compassion), but differ in beliefs about the messiah/nature of God
Medieval Time Period
shift from barter to moneylending
Age of Enlightenment
modern time period
Programs
end of 13th century in England
Jews supported trade between:
christian’s and muslims
Judaism is unique … with two types known as…
monotheistic people in polytheistic land
religious and ethnic jews
Hebrew scripture began with… and ended with…
Abraham
Alexander the Great
Catholic and Jews share…
moral life and practice
Torah is… and the two functions are…
5 books of moses
statement of belief and instructions
Reform Judaism
jewish faction that fully integrates into society
Reconstructionist Judaism
doesn’t believe in all powerful God
Orthodox Judaism
most traditional branch
Conservative Judaism
stricter in desire to integrate, tradition modified in limited manner
without Judaism these two religions wouldn’t exist
islam and christianity
Midrash
interpretations of biblical text
Jews are only Jews when…
respond to God’s covenant
