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Jewish Education > Judaism Practices > Flashcards

Judaism Practices Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Syangogue?

A

House of Assembly for Prayer, Worship and Study

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2
Q

What is a Minyan?

A

A group of 10 adults you need to have to say certain prayers
Orthodox- Men over 13
Reform- Anyone over 12/13

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3
Q

Beit T’filah

A

House of Prayer

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4
Q

Why do all synagogues look different?

A

No rules about what it should look like
Nature of Community
Age of Community
Usually Magen David

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5
Q

What is the Importance of the Synagogue?

A 
Forms the centre if the Jewish Community
Celebrates Bar/Bat Mitzvahs
Proves a house of Study
Charity events
Social gatherings
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6
Q

Quote about the Synagogue

A

“Build me a sanctuary so I may dwell amongst you”

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7
Q

Aron Hakodesh

A 
The Holy Ark
Faces Jerusalem
Contains Torah Scrolls
Congregation stands when Open
Central
No Law on what it should look like
Symbolises the Ark of the covenant
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8
Q

The Bimah

A 
Torah read
Prayers Led
Announcements made
Symbolises courtyard in temple
Central in Orthodox
Front in Reform
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9
Q

Siddur

A 
Jewish Prayer book
Contains G-D's Name
Kiss when you open, close or drop it
Buried in cemetery when old/ruined
Different according to denominations
Collection of prayers
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10
Q

Menorah

A

Lit every day in the Temple

Symbol of Israeli Government

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11
Q

Ner Tamid

A

Everlasting Light over the Ark

Symbolises G-D’s eternal Presence

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12
Q

Torah Scroll

A

5 Books of Moses
No Vowels
Fast for 3 Days if dropped
Cannot touch without Yad

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13
Q

Orthodox Judaism

A

Traditional
Only form of Practice until 18th Century
Importance of obeying G-D’s instructions
Different roles for men and women

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14
Q

Reform Judaism

A

Progressive Judaism
Religion should change to adapt to modern life
Overall Moral code should be obeyed rather than each individual law
Equality for Men and Women

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15
Q

Public Worship

A

Pray 3 times a day

Led by a Rabbi or a Cantor

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16
Q

Orthodox Services

A 
Leader has back to Congregation
Service in Hebrew 
Singing Unaccompanied
Men and Women are Separate to avoid sexual thoughts
Men cover head
Married Women wear a hat
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17
Q

Reform Services

A 
Celebrate Shabbat and Festivals
Men and Women sit together
Leader faces Congregation
Women can perform all rituals
Shorter but Structured
Conducted in Hebrew and National Language
Singing with Instruments
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18
Q

Tallit

A

Prayer Shawl

Obeying G-D’s Word

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19
Q

Tefillin

A

Pair of Black leather boxes on forehead and upper arm

Total Concentration on G-D

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20
Q

Format of Services

A

Opening Prayers vary depending on service
Shema
Amidah- 18 Blessings
3 Blessings- Praise G-D
13 Blessings- 6 for self, 6 for community, 1 for acceptance of prayers
Followed by Torah Reading
Aleinu Prayer thanking G-D

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21
Q

Importance of Prayer

A

Communicating with G-D
Closer to G-D
Strengthens Community

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22
Q

What is Shabbat?

A 
Gift from G-D- Day of rest
Worship G-D and enjoy family life
Friday Night to 3 Stars in Sky on Saturday
Reminder of the Covenant
No work done
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23
Q

Quote about Shabbat

A

“Remember the Sabbath day and Keep it holy”

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24
Q

Shabbat Services

A

Friday- 45 Mins with Kiddish

Saturday Morning- Prayers, Blessings, Torah Portion, Sermon

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25
Q

Saturday Service

A

Torah Held in front of congregation while verses are said
Paraded round- touch with tzitzit or siddur and then to their lips
Read from the Bimah and Paraded again before going back in the Ark
Sermon

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26
Q

Preparing for Shabbat

A

House is Cleaned
Food Prepared
Smart Clothes Worn
Table set with best Cutlery and Crockery and 2 Candles
Wine. Grape Juice and 2 Challa’s Covered with Cloth

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27
Q

Wine

A

Symbolises Joy and Celebration

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28
Q

Challah

A

Manna

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29
Q

Lighting Candles

A

Female lights candles

Cover eyes and say a blessing

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30
Q

Friday Meal

A

Kiddush Blessing
Wash hands
Blessing Over Challah
Songs and Prayers

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31
Q

Havdalah

A

Blessings over Wine
Sweet Spices
Candle with Several Wicks

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32
Q

Worship in the Home

A

Stand to Pray
Mezuzah
Kashrut Kitchen

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33
Q

Tenakh

A

The Written Law

24 Books

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34
Q

What does the Tenakh contain?

A

Torah- Five books of Moses
Nevi’im- Prophets. 8 Books on Jewish History
Ketuvim- Writings. 11 Books on Poetry, Stories, Accounts, Advice etc

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35
Q

Talmud

A

The Oral Law
Torah Passed on by Word of Mouth
Rabbi Judah Hanassi wrote it down in 200CE

36
Q

Mishnah

A

First written Oral Law
Dietary Laws
Marriage
Divorce Shabbat

37
Q

Gemara

A

Commentary on the Mishnah

38
Q

Importance of Rituals

A

Faith Preserved and Passed On

Rites of Passage- Main Life Events

39
Q

Ceremonies Associated with Birth

A

Naming Ceremony
Brit Milah
Redemption of the Firstborn Son

40
Q

Quote about Birth

A

“Be fruitful and Multiply”

41
Q

Naming Ceremony

A

Orthodox Children blessed on first Saturday after Birth
Father recites Torah Blessing to ask for good health for wife and baby
Baby Girl’s name will be announced
Boy’s announced at Brit Milah
In reform, both parents take part

42
Q

Brit Milah

A

Removal of the Foreskin from the Penis

Covenant made with Abraham

43
Q

Brit Milah Ceremony

A

8 day old boys
Close friend or relative picks up baby and puts them on an empty chair
Mohel picks them up and gives him to the Sandek- Honoured Role given to grandfather
Father blesses son
A blessing is said over the wine and the baby is formally named
Foreskin removed in operation that heals
Family enjoy meal to celebrate

44
Q

Why won’t a Bit Milah take place on the 8th day?

A

If the baby is ill
Shabbat/Festival
Premature

45
Q

Redemption of the Firstborn Son

A

Orthodox Practice Only
First Born Son required to devote himself to temple
Small sum paid to priests by family to redeem them
Some still hold ceremony- Natural Birth Only

46
Q

Quote about Brit Milah

A

“You shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin”

47
Q

Bar Mitzvah

A

Son of Commandment- age of 13

48
Q

Bat Mitzvah

A

Daughter of Commandment- age of 12

49
Q

Celebrating a Bar Mitzvah

A

Boy reads from Torah at first opportunity at normal service
Take classes to prepare
Wear tallit for first time
Leads part of service and gives a short speech
Father declares him responsible
Party and Gifts

50
Q

Celebrating a Reform Bat Mitzvah

A

Girl reads from Torah
Gives a short speech
Lead Prayers
Meal/Party

51
Q

Celebrating an Orthodox Bat Mitzvah

A

Family Meal
Small Gifts
Speech/Brief Torah Lesson

52
Q

Marriage

A

A legal Union between 2 People

53
Q

The importance of Marriage

A 
2 Step Process
Betrothal- 12 months of engagement
Wedding
Some orthodox parents pick their children's partners
Spiritual Bond
Experiencing Holiness in everyday life
54
Q

Quote about the Importance of Marriage

A

“Hence a man leaves his father and mother and clings to his wife, so that they become one flesh”

55
Q

Betrothal

A

Kiddushin
Couple set aside for each other
Cannot be broken except for death or divorce
Couple won’t live together
Prepare for future together
Ketubah drawn up
Last Shabbat Service-announces intention to marry
Celebratory Lunch- Last time they see each other before wedding

56
Q

Orthodox Ketubah

A

Husband’s duties to wife
Inheritance upon his death
Couple’s children will be supported
Providing for wife in case of divorce

57
Q

Reform Ketubah

A

Spiritual Aspirations
Hopes for marriage
Promise not to oppose Divorce

58
Q

Quote about Marriage

A

“It’s not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him”

59
Q

Wedding Ceremony

A 
Held under Chuppah symbolising couples new home
May fast to cleanse themselves
Bedekken- Checking the Bride
Bride Circles Groom 7 times
Recite 2 Blessings over wine
Vows and rings exchanged
Marriage Contract Signed, read out and given to bride
Sheva Brachat- 7 Blessings
Breaking the glass
Meal/Celebration
60
Q

Reform vs Orthodox Vows

A

Reform-Both

Orthodox- Man

61
Q

Reform vs Orthodox Circling

A

Reform- 3 each

Orthodox- woman 7 times

62
Q

Customs Surrounding Death

A

Dying person recites Shema

Tear Clothes

63
Q

Quote about Mourning

A

“Jacob rent his clothes, put sackcloth on his loins and observed mourning”

64
Q

Shiva

A 
7 days of intense mourning
Sit on low chairs
Cover all Mirrors
Don't wash
Don't shave
Food provided
65
Q

Shloshim

A

30 Days Lesser Mourning
No Parties
Return to work

66
Q

Quote about comfort during mourning

A

“he refused to be comforted”

67
Q

Stone Setting

A

Headstone 1 year after death

68
Q

The Funeral

A 
Takes Place ASAP 
Candles lit by body
Carefully washe
Wrapped in linen cloth
Body placed in simple coffin
Prayers said
Mourners shovel earth on coffin
Washes hands to leave death behind
69
Q

Kosher

A

Food that meets the requirements of Jewish Laws

70
Q

Trefah

A

Food Jews are forbidden to eat

Torn

71
Q

Dietary Laws

A 
Orthodox follow strictly 
Reform think it’s optional
Animals must have split hooves and chew the cud
Fish must have scales
No birds of prey
72
Q

Kosher Butchers

A

Healthy animal killed with sharp knife
Cut throat to avoid suffering
Blood drained
Intestines and kidneys removed

73
Q

Jewish Kitchen

A 
After meat eaten, several hours have to pass before milk can be eaten
2 Kitchens
2 Sinks
Different Utensils
Difficult in Non- Jewish communities
Label on packaging at supermarkets
74
Q

Quote about mixing meat and milk

A

“You shall not boil a kid in its mother’s milk”

75
Q

Tosh Hashanah

A

Jewish New Year

76
Q

Yom Kippur

A

Day of Atonement and fasting on 10th day after Rosh Hashanah

77
Q

Origins of Rosh Hashanah

A 
Creation Story Anniversary 
Day of Judgment 
Decided what the year ahead will hold
All actions have consequences 
Reflect and take responsibility for actions
78
Q

What can Rosh Hashanah Judgement be influenced by?

A

Charity
Praying
Atone for sins

79
Q

Celebrating Rosh Hashanah

A 
Shofar Blown 30 days before every day
SpecIl forgiveness prayers 
Buying fruit not eaten usually
Candles lit before sunset
Festive meal with apples and honey, fish head eaten, pomegranates 
Shofar blown 100 times
Long synagogue service
80
Q

Origins of Yom Kippur

A

Holiest day in Calendar
Seals book of judgment
Final Chance to repent

81
Q

Quote about Yom Kippur

A

“You shall practice self denial”

82
Q

Observing Yom Kippur

A 
No work
Fast for 25 hours
Can’t bath, wear leather, or have sex
Wear white
Synagogue all day
Genera confession as community
We is used instead of I
Shofar blown to mark end of fast
83
Q

Origins of Pesach

A

Passover

Exodus of Jews from Egypt

84
Q

Preparations for Pesach

A

Remove and burn Chametz from home
Clean homes thoroughly
Some firstborn males fast

85
Q

Sedar

A 
Mother lights candles
Red wine 
3 Matzo
Seder Plate
Youngest asks 4 questions
86
Q

Importance of Pesach

A

Birth of Jewish Nation

Gratitude for redemption

Jewish Education (4 decks)

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