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RELS 204 Athabasca University > Judaism Key Terms > Flashcards

Judaism Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Ba’al

A

storm-fertility god of the ancient Canaanites

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2
Q

Bar mitzvah

A

ceremony in which a thirteen-year-old boy becomes an adult member of the Jewish community

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3
Q

Bat mitzvah

A

equivalent of bar mitzvah ceremony for girls in Reform and Conservative Jewish
congregations

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4
Q

Brit milah

A

see circumcision

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5
Q

Circumcision

A

boys’ initiation ritual that occurs on the eighth day after birth and is called brit
milah (covenant of circumcision)

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6
Q

Conservative Judaism

A

movement attempting to adapt Judaism to modern life by using
principles of change within the traditional laws; occupies middle ground between Reform and
Orthodox Judaism

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7
Q

Covenant (berith)

A

relationship between God and Israel, enacted on Mt. Sinai, based on Israel’s
acceptance of God’s Torah

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8
Q

Diaspora

A

the dispersion of Jews away from Jewish homeland, to live as minorities in other lands

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9
Q

Dietary law

A

Jewish Laws pertaining to the proper preparation and eating of food, and the
avoidance of certain animal food; see kashrut

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10
Q

Essenes

A

ascetic Jewish movement around the Dead Sea area from the second century B.C.E. to
the first century C.E.

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11
Q

Exile

A

The Jewish captivity in Babylon, especially the period from the fall of Jerusalem in 586 B.C.E. until the first return to Jerusalem in 538 B.C.E.

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12
Q

Exodus

A

deliverance of Israelites from Egypt under Moses’ leadership

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13
Q

Gemara

A

comments on the Mishnah; added to the Mishnah to form the Jewish Talmud

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14
Q

Ghetto

A

special Jewish quarter in certain European cities

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15
Q

Halakhah

A

Jewish legal tradition based on the Talmud

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16
Q

Hanukkah

A

festival of lights in December, celebrating rededication of the temple in Maccabean
times

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17
Q

Hasidim

A

popular mystical and devotional Jewish movement beginning in the 17th century in
eastern Europe

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18
Q

Hebrews

A

ancestors of the Israelites

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19
Q

Holocaust

A

ancient Israelite ritual meaning “all-consuming sacrificial fire”, used in modern times
to denote the destruction of Jews and others under the Nazis

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20
Q

Israel

A

“he strives with God”; name given to Jacob and thereafter to the covenant people; name
of modern Jewish state

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21
Q

Kabbalah

A

“tradition”, especially the medieval mystical Jewish tradition, of which the Zohar is a
central text

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22
Q

Karaites

A

Jewish sect that rejected oral Torah (Talmud), relying on scripture alone

23
Q

Kashrut

A

ritual fitness, suitable for use according to Jewish law; applies especially to dietary laws,
what foods can and cannot be eaten, and how to prepare them

24
Q

Maimonides

A

great medieval Jewish philosopher (1135-1204 C.E.)

25
Q

Marranos

A

Spanish Jews who were outwardly Christianized but many of whom secretly
continued Jewish tradition

26
Q

Masada

A

Mountain fortress near the Dead Sea where Jewish Zealot made a last stand against the
Romans

27
Q

Mendelssohn, Moses

A

Jewish Enlightenment thinker (1729-1786)

28
Q

Messiah

A

end-time king, descended from King David, expected to redeem Ismael

29
Q

Mishnah

A

code of Jewish oral law compiled ca 200 C.E. by Judah the Prince; see Talmud

30
Q

Mitzvot

A

commandments given by God

31
Q

Moses

A

leader of Israel in the Exodus from Egypt and the founding of the covenant on Mt. Sinai

32
Q

Orthodox Judaism

A

Modern movement continuing a strict traditional belief in the binding
character of the Torah and Halakhah

33
Q

Pesach (Passover)

A

spring festival commemorating deliverance from Egypt

34
Q

Pharisees

A

party in ancient Judaism teaching the oral Torah along with the written Torah,
resurrection of the body, and application of the law in everyday life

35
Q

Prophets

A

inspired people who spoke God’s word an advocated reforms in Israel, especially from
the eighth to the fourth centuries B.C.E.; recorded words of individual prophets became part of
the sacred scripture

36
Q

Purim

A

early spring festival remembering events of the Book of Esther

37
Q

Rabbi

A

“my master”; title for teacher of the law; spiritual leader of a congregation

38
Q

Rabbinic Judaism

A

designation for Judaism as it developed under the teachers of the oral Torah
(Talmud)

39
Q

Reconstructionist Judaism

A

modern movement founded by Mordecai Kaplan (1881-1982),

emphasizing Judaism as a civilization

40
Q

Reform Judaism

A

modern movement attempting to conform tradition to conditions of modern
life, allowing changes in the Halakha

41
Q

Rosh Hashanah

A 
Jewish New Year, first day of Tishri (usually in September); beginning of High 
Holy Days (which include Yom Kippur)
42
Q

Sabbath

A

seventh day of the week, sacred day of rest and study for Jews

43
Q

Sadducees

A

conservative party of temple priests and sympathizers in ancient Judaism who
rejected the oral Torah and the idea of resurrection

44
Q

Shavuot

A

Feast of weeks (Pentecost), Commemorating the giving of the Torah on Mt. Sinai

45
Q

Shema

A

statement proclaiming the unity of God, based on Deuteronomy 6:4-9, beginning, “Hear,
O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one”

46
Q

Sukkot

A

Feast of Booths, autumn harvest festival

47
Q

Synagogue

A

Greek term translating Hebrew “house of assembly”; Jewish place for prayer and
study

48
Q

Talmud

A

Jewish “oral Torah,” comprised of the Mishnah and Gemara; exists in a Palestinian and
Babylonian version

49
Q

Tanakh

A

Hebrew scriptures comprised of Torah (the Pentateuch), Nevi’im (the Prophets), and
Khetuvim (the Writings)

50
Q

Torah

A

first five books in the Hebrew scriptures; also the whole of scripture; also the whole
corpus of revelation, including oral Torah

51
Q

Yahweh

A

special covenant name of Israel’s God as it was probably pronounced; written YHWH in
the Hebrew scriptures; at a certain point Jews stopped pronouncing this sacred name and
substituted the name Adonai

52
Q

Yom Kippur

A

Jewish Day of Atonement on the tenth of Tishri, a solemn day of repentance

53
Q

Zealots

A

Jewish religious party in the Roman period that advocated resistance to Roman
occupation

54
Q

Zionism

A

modern movement to secure a Jewish homeland in Palestine, which led to the
formation of the state of Israel.

RELS 204 Athabasca University (13 decks)

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