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RELS 204 Athabasca University > Islam Key Terms > Flashcards

Islam Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abbasids

A

classical Muslim dynasty, ruling at Baghdad, 8th to 13th centuries C.E.

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2
Q

Abu Bakr

A

companion of the Prophet Muhammad and first caliph (d. 634)

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3
Q

Al-Ghazali

A

great thinker (1058-1111 C.E.) who synthesized orthodox Islamic thought and Sufism

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4
Q

‘Ali

A

nephew and son in law of the Prophet Muhammad and the fourth caliph (d.661);
considered by Shi’ites to be the first imam or successor to Muhammad

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5
Q

Allah

A

“the God”; Quranic designation for the one God

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6
Q

Caliph

A

“deputy”, also “successor” to the Prophet Muhammad as leader of Islam

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7
Q

Dar al-Harb

A

see Dar al-Islam

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8
Q

Dar al-Islam

A

“abode of islam”; territories of the ummah under Muslim control, whereas the rest
of the world is the Dar al-Harb, “abode of warfare”

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9
Q

Da’wah

A

missionary activities directed toward spreading Islam

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10
Q

Dhikr

A

“remembrance”; spiritual exercises in Sufism focusing the consciousness on God

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11
Q

Five Pillars

A

required Muslim rituals of serving God: Shahadah (confession), Salat (prayer), Zakat (alms-giving), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage).

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12
Q

Hadith

A

a saving or tradition of the Prophet Muhammad transmitted through a trustworthy chain
of reporters; the collection of hadiths

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13
Q

Hagar

A

wife of Abraham, mother of Ishmael, and ancestress of the Muslims

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14
Q

Hajj

A

annual pilgrimage to Mecca

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15
Q

Haram

A

forbidden, such as certain actions or food

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16
Q

Hidden imam

A

in Shi’ism, the last Imam (successor to Muhammad) who disappeared into a state
of occultation and will return in the future.

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17
Q

Hijra

A

emigration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 C.E.

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18
Q

Husayn

A

son of ‘Ali, killed at Karbalah (680); considered by Shi’ites as an Imam m(successor to
the Prophet Muhammed) and a great martyr

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19
Q

‘Id

A

“feast” or festival in Islam; the two major festivals are ‘Id al-adha (feast of sacrifice) during the Hajj month and ‘Id al-fitr (feast of breaking the Ramadan Fast)

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20
Q

Ihram

A

state of ritual purity and consecration appropriate for entering the sacred precincts of Mecca on the Hajj (Islamic pilgrimage)

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21
Q

Ijma

A

“consensus”; for formulating Muslim law, consensus among the legal scholars is necessary

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22
Q

Ijihad

A

independent legal reasoning in Islam; one who does this is a mujtahid

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23
Q

Imam

A

Islamic scholar and leader, especially in ritual prayer; for Shi’ites, the proper successors to
the prophet are called Imams

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24
Q

Ishmael

A

son of Abraham and Hagar, ancestor of the Muslims

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25
Q

Isnad

A

the chain of transmitters for a particular hadith in Islam

26
Q

Jihad

A

“striving’ for religious perfection and for God’s cause including bearing arms in defense of
Islam if necessary

27
Q

Judgement day

A

the day on which God will judge all according to their deeds

28
Q

Ka’bah

A

: the cube-shaped stone shrine in the Great Mosque at Mecca, focal point of prayer and
pilgrimage for Muslims

29
Q

Kafir

A

an unbeliever, in Islamic terms

30
Q

Khadija

A

the first wife (d.619) of the Prophet Muhammad

31
Q

Khaijites

A

“seceders”; strict moralistic sect of early Muslims

32
Q

Mihrab

A

niche in the mosque wall indicating the direction to Mecca

33
Q

Minbar

A

pulpit from which the sermon is given during the Friday prayer in the Islamic mosque

34
Q

Mosque (masjid)

A

place of communal worship in Islam

35
Q

Muezzin (muadhdhin)

A

person who calls the people to ritual prayer, chanting out the call from
atop a minaret or mosque roof

36
Q

Mughal

A

muslim dynasty established by the Mongols in India

37
Q

Mulla

A

Persian word for learned Muslim teacher and expounder of the law

38
Q

Muslim

A

one who has surrendered to God in accepting the authority of the Quran

39
Q

Mu’tazilities

A

school in the classical period of Islam that accepted reason as a primary criterion
for establishing beliefs

40
Q

Ottoman

A

caliphate ruling much of the Muslim world from Istanbul from the 16th to the 20th centuries C.E.

41
Q

Prophets

A

messengers through whom God has given revelation to all peoples, culminating with
Muhammad as the Seal of the Prophets

42
Q

Qiyas

A

“analogy” in legal argumentation and decision making in Islam

43
Q

Quran

A

“recitation”, primarily the revelation sent down by God upon the Prophet Muhammad;
the Holy Book

44
Q

Ramadan

A

sacred month in which Muslims perform the Fast

45
Q

Safavid

A

Muslim dynasty in Iran beginning in the 16th century, featuring rule by the shahs

46
Q

Salat

A

required Muslim ritual of prayer five times daily

47
Q

Sawm

A

required Muslim fasting during the month of Ramadan

48
Q

Shahadah

A

the Muslim formula bearing witness to the unity of God: “I testify that there is no
God but God; I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God”

49
Q

Shari’ah

A

Islamic law, based on the Quran and on the sunnah of the Prophet

50
Q

Shi’ites

A

the “fraction” of ‘Ali that believes that ‘Ali and his descendants are the proper
successors of the Prophet Muhammad; today, one of the two main divisions in Islam,
representing about one-sixth of the world’s Muslims

51
Q

Shirk

A

“association”; Muslim term for the great sin of idolatry or associating something else with God

52
Q

Sufi

A

one who follows the mystical path of Islam

53
Q

Sunnah

A

“custom” or “way of acting”, primarily of the Prophet Muhammad; the Prophets sunnah
is known through the hdiths

54
Q

Sunnites

A

term for the Muslim majority, those who acknowledge the first four caliphs and the
interpretation of the Quran and the prophet’s sunnah by the orthodox ‘ulama (religious scholars)

55
Q

Tawhid

A

Muslim term for maintaining the unity of God

56
Q

Twelvers

A

the largest group within the Muslim Shi’ites, those who hold there have been twelve Imams; also called the Imamis

57
Q

Ulama

A

the class of learned Muslim legal scholars who study and apply the religious sciences

58
Q

Umar

A

the second caliph in Islamic history (d.644)

59
Q

Umayyad

A

dynasty ruling Islam from Damascus from 661 to 750 C.E.

60
Q

Ummah

A

a community having a common religion; especially the Muslim community

61
Q

Uthman

A

the third caliph in Islamic history (d. 656)

62
Q

Iman

A

‘faith’, complete certitude about the truth of Islam.

RELS 204 Athabasca University (13 decks)

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