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RELS 204 Athabasca University > Christian Key Terms > Flashcards

Christian Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Abba

A

Aramaic term for “father” used by Jesus in addressing God

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2
Q

Advent

A

season of the Christian church year before the celebration of Christmas

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3
Q

Apostles’ Creed

A

statement of faith dating from the second century C.E., universally accepted by
Christians

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4
Q

Arianism

A

a teaching advocated by the priest Arius and his followers that Christ was created in
time as the Son of God; this teaching was rejected by the Council of Nicea

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5
Q

Atonement

A

doctrine of how humans are forgiven and reconciled to God through Christ’s work

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6
Q

Augustine

A 
leading theologian (354-430) in the early Christian church; bishop of Hippo in North 
Africa
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7
Q

Baptism

A

ritual of initiation into the Christian church through washing of water, viewed as a sacrament by many

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8
Q

Bible

A

sacred scripture for Christians, consisting of the Old Testament (Christian term for the
Hebrew scriptures) and the New Testament

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9
Q

Canon

A

a standard; refers to the accepted writings that make up the Bible and to other church
standards such as canon law

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10
Q

Catholic

A

“universal”, pertaining to the whole Christian church; Catholic also designates more
specific bodies, such as the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox churches and others.

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11
Q

Christ

A

Greek title meaning “anointed one” from the Hebrew “messiah”, applied to Jesus of
Nazareth by his followers

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12
Q

Christmas

A

see Feast of the Nativity

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13
Q

Christology

A

doctrine about the nature and role of Christ

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14
Q

Church

A

the community of all Christians; also specific groups, congregations, and buildings used
for worship

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15
Q

Clergy

A

ordained church leaders; in early Christian church, bishops were appointed as overseers,
assisted by presbyters (priests) and deacons, and similar clergy roles have continued to the
present day, with many variants in the different churches and denominations

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16
Q

Confirmation

A

ritual of reaffirming vows taken in baptism; considered a sacrament by some

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17
Q

Constantine

A

Roman emperor (273-337) who legalized and promoted Christianity

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18
Q

Council of Nicea

A

first great church council, convened in 325 to settle disputes about the nature
of Christ

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19
Q

Council of Trent

A

council convened by the pope in 1545 to reform the church and oppose the
actions of the Protestants

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20
Q

Crusades

A

attempts by Christians of western Europe to recapture the Holy Land by force

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21
Q

Denomination

A

church organization consisting of a number of congregations, having
autonomous structure and usually distinctive teachings, especially within Protestantism

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22
Q

Docetism

A

teaching by some in the early church that Christ only appeared to be human; this
teaching eventually was rejected by church councils

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23
Q

Easter

A

festival celebrating the resurrection of Christ

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24
Q

Ecumenical Movement

A

modern movement to achieve understanding, cooperation, and some
form of unity between various branches of Christianity

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25
Q

Epiphany

A

season after Christmas emphasizing the “showing forth” of Christ to the world; some
Eastern Orthodox churches celebrate the nativity of Christ during this time

26
Q

Eschatology

A

doctrine about the last things; the end of the world, judgement day, consummation
of God’s plan

27
Q

Eucharist

A

Principal Christian sacrament, using bread and wine as a re-enactment or
remembrance of Christ’s last supper; also called Mass, Lord’s Supper, Divine Liturgy, and Holy
Communion

28
Q

Feast of the Nativity

A

celebration of the birthday of Jesus; Christians of the Western churches
celebrate this on December 25, while some Eastern Orthodox Christians observe this feast on
January 6

29
Q

Fundamentalism

A

in Christianity, a movement by conservative Protestants to reject modernity in
Christianity, advocating the literal inerrancy of scripture and strict adherence to traditional
doctrine and morality

30
Q

Gnosticism

A

movement in the Hellenistic world that emphasized a special secret knowledge
about God and the world, holding to a dualism of spirit and matter

31
Q

Gospels

A

writings compiled in the early church proclaiming the story of Jesus’ life and death; the four canonical gospels are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

32
Q

Grace

A

theological term meaning reception of spiritual goals as given by God rather than
attained by one’s own effort

33
Q

Great commission

A

commission given by Christ to his disciples to go and “make disciples” of all
nations

34
Q

Incarnation

A

“becoming flesh”; especially the Christian teaching that the eternal Son of God became human in the womb of his mother Mary

35
Q

Judgement Day

A

the day on which God will judge all according to their and their deeds

36
Q

Justification by faith

A

doctrine that justification before God comes by faith, not by good works; a
central emphasis of martin Luther

37
Q

Kingdom of God

A

the rule of God; proclaimed by Jesus as a present reality, yet to be fully
manifested in the future

38
Q

Lent

A

Christian season of penitence in preparation for the Easter celebration

39
Q

Liturgy

A

order of prayer, scripture reading, hymns, and exhortations followed in a worship service

40
Q

Mass

A

Roman Catholic term for the Eucharistic service

41
Q

Messiah

A

end-time king, descended from King David, expected to redeem Israel; Christians
identified the Messiah (Greek christos) with Jesus

42
Q

Monasticism

A

the way of life of monks and nuns, usually celibate, without personal possessions,
and dedicated to meditation, prayer, study, and service

43
Q

Nicene Creed

A

doctrinal formulation from the Council of Nicea, setting forth the Orthodox
understanding of the Trinity

44
Q

Old Testament

A

Christian designation for the Hebrew scriptures

45
Q

Original sin

A

teaching that all humans share a basic condition of sinfulness

46
Q

Orthodox Church:

A

term referring to the historic Eastern Christian churches, including the Greek,
Russian, Armenian, and other traditions

47
Q

Parables

A

stories by which Jesus taught his disciples about the Kingdom of God

48
Q

Passion Story

A

the climax of each of the four Gospels, telling of the suffering and crucifixion of
Jesus

49
Q

Paul

A

leading apostle who brought the gospel of Christ to non-Jews and whose letters form part
of the New Testamen

50
Q

Pentecost

A

festival approximately seven weeks after Easter, celebrating the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the early Christians

51
Q

Pietism

A

a reaction to the rationalism of the Enlightenment, emphasizing the experience of God’s
grace and emotional dedication

52
Q

Pan of Salvation

A

God’s design for the salvation of the world, foretold through prophets and accomplished through Jesus Christ

53
Q

Protestantism

A

Broad designation for the main churches of the Reformation

54
Q

Reformation

A

reform movements in the Christian church, especially the reform of the European
church through the work of Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, and others

55
Q

Resurrection

A

rising from the dead; in Christian belief, Christ’s resurrection as the first fruit of the
resurrection of all at the end of the world

56
Q

Roman Catholic Church

A

The historic Western church as it has continued under the leadership of
the pope, the bishop of Rome

57
Q

Sacraments

A

rituals that convey god’s grace, such as baptism and the Eucharist

58
Q

Soteriology

A

theory of salvation through Jesus Christ

59
Q

Theology

A

thinking about God and God’s work

60
Q

Trinity

A

the doctrine that the one God is revealed in three “persons” – Father, Son, and Holy
Spirit

RELS 204 Athabasca University (13 decks)

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