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RELS 101 SDSU > Judaism/Foundational Religions > Flashcards

Judaism/Foundational Religions Flashcards

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1
Q

The Foundational Religions are focused on the religions before the _________

A

The foundational religions are focused on the religions before the abrahamic ones.

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2
Q

What are the Abrahamic religions?

A

Judaism, Christianity and Islam

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3
Q

The written record began approximately ______ years ago.

A

5000 years ago

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4
Q

What were the earliest written record (according to the book)?

A

Mesopotamian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs

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5
Q

Are the Abrahamic religions polytheistic?

A

No, they are the three major monotheistic relgion

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6
Q

Why are the Abrahamic religions a category?

A

Although they are all unique, they were all part of the Middle east and share some commonalities (for ex: Abraham is shared between 3 religions)

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7
Q

the religions of Egypt and Mesopotamia are called what? Why?

A

Cosmic religions because they have an emphasis on a group of gods/goddesses that were related to the powers of celestial bodies
for example: the moon, sun planets etc

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8
Q

Since the cosmic religions worshipped many deities they are considered to be ______

A

polytheistic

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9
Q

What is pantheons?

A

all the gods of a people or religion collectively.

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10
Q

What were the pantheons responsible for?

A

movements of seasons, fertility of living things, and protections from enemies.

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11
Q

What is the one divinity that came from the prehistoric into the ancient world?

A

Mother Goddess

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12
Q

Who was the Mother goddess?

A

creator of all gods being her children.

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13
Q

The importance of the Mother Goddess diminished during what age period? Why?

A

During the Middle Ancient Era because the Semites (babylonians, Assyrians and Israelites conquered Mesopotamia, and Egypt and incorporated their cultures.

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14
Q

After the importance of the Mother Goddess decreased, what idea conquered?

A

Once the Mother Goddess diminished, there was a rise of the Father God

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15
Q

How were the pantheons of the ancient world worshipped?

A

through sacrifice, offering of food in the form of animals and plants. (burning of it)

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16
Q

What did the ancient world sacrifices symbolize?

A

this was sort of a trade/interaction between humans and gods. Humans fed the gods with burnt offerings and in return received fertility, wealth, protection and power

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17
Q

T/F Religion of the ancient world (and it’s actions) were seen as a private activity.

A

false, it was seen as a civic duty and a method of expressing support to the city/nation

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18
Q

Mesopotamia is today’s ______.

A

Iraq

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19
Q

The _______ established the cities of Ur, Uruk and Eridu

A

Sumerians

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20
Q

Who built the earliest temples (pyramid structures)? What were they called?

A

the sumerians built the earliest temples knowwn as Ziggurats

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21
Q

Why were Ziggurats so tall (pyramid shaped)?

A

to be “closer to the gods”

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22
Q

The craftsman god is known as…

A

Enki

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23
Q

The fertility Goddess is known as…

A

Inanna

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24
Q

The god of waters was known as…

A

EA

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25
Q

What action took place in Ziggurats?

A

sacrifice to the gods/goddesses.

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26
Q

Who is Nammu?

A

The goddess who “has given birth to the great gods” (from mesopotamia)

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27
Q

How did Nammu form Enki?

A

She took reddish clay from the riverbeds, and her breath gave him life

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28
Q

What are some similarities of Mesopotamia narratives to the Abrahamic religions?

A
  1. god and goddess sitting in a garden with fruit and serpents (similar to Christianity, Judaism and Islam
  2. early version of flood story where a man is ordered by a god to build a boat and take his family and animals to survive. (similar to Abrahamic faith)
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29
Q

Who elaborated on the Sumerian flood story? what was it turned into?

A

The Sumerian flood story was elaborated by the Akkadians (who conquered the Sumerians) and the Akkadians (later babylonians/assyrians) created the Epic of Gilgamesh

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30
Q

Who was Gilgamesh’s “buddy”?

A

Enkidu

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31
Q

Who killed Enkidu?

A

Enlil

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32
Q

Gilgamesh mourned his friend and visited who?Why?

A

Utnapishtam, he had the secret of life (immortality)

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33
Q

How did Gilgamesh try to recover his deceased friend?

A

He was told by Utnapishtam about the immortality plant (under the ocean) but sleeps because he is so tired and a snake beats him to it.

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34
Q

What was the lesson of the epic of Gilgamesh?

A

enjoy life rather than suffer thinking about death

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35
Q

What is the snake a symbol of?

A

life and healing, the snake is “immortal”

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36
Q

What is the civilization (like the Mesopotamians-Sumerians) that grew around the same time (about 3000 BCE)

A

The Egyptians

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37
Q

Like the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians were close to the ______ through trade and conquest.

A

Israelites

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38
Q

T/F the Egyptians did not influence the development of the Abrahamic Religions

A

False, they had a strong influence on their development specifically the Israelites

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39
Q

What story is known as “ the most mythological influence” of Egypt on Israel?

A

The story of Ptah

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40
Q

Who is Ptah?

A

One of the early Egyptian creation Gods

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41
Q

Ptah was associated with _____ and _______.

A

Wisdom and language

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42
Q

Egyptian traditions state that _______ conceived all forms of nature and spoke out their names to bring them to physical existence. Very similar to the _______ Genesis God.

A

Egyptian traditions state that Ptah conceived all forms of nature and spoke out their names to bring them to physical existence. Very similar to the Hebrew Genesis God.

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43
Q

Two most important historical figures (from Egypt) that greatly influenced the foundations of Jewish religion are…

A
  1. Akhenaton

2. Moses

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44
Q

Who was Akhenaton?

A

The Egyptian Pharaoh that established an early form of monotheism belief and worship

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45
Q

According to Akhenaton, who was the ruler of world/sole creator?

A

The sun God Aten was thought to be the sole creator/ruler making Aten the first historical record of the monotheistic belief system

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46
Q

What makes ancient Egyptian belief unique (afterlife)?

A

They prepare for the afterlife and much of Egyptian life was thought of as a preparation for their death (judgment)

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47
Q

T/F The Egyptians had a glorified view of life after death

A

True especially when compared to the Mesopotamians

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48
Q

Based on Ancient Egyptian religion KA refers to the

A

soul

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49
Q

Based on Ancient Egyptian religion Anubis refers to the

A

God of the dead

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50
Q

Based on Ancient Egyptian religion Maat refers to the

A

goddess of truth (judges after death)

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51
Q

The Egyptians practiced mummification which is known as

A

the embalming of the dead body to preserve it intact

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52
Q

Why were people mummified? (religious purpose)

A

So that when they enter the heaven of Osiris, one’s body and soul could be rejoined through resurrection

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53
Q

Overall, ancient ________ were strongly influenced by ________ myth, doctrine and ritual

A

Overall, ancient Israelite were strongly influenced by Egyptian myth, doctrine and ritual

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54
Q

T/F Zoroastrianism had no impact towards the Abrahamic Religions

A

False

55
Q

Zoroastrianism is a ______ religion because it is gradually dying out.

A

Zoroastrianism is a minority religion because it is gradually dying out.

56
Q

Ahura Mazda is…

A

god of truth and light in Zoroastrianism

57
Q

T/F you could convert to Zoroastrianism

A

False, you have to be born into it

58
Q

Who was the founder of Zoroastrianism?

A

Zarathustra, a priest who had a revelation of the great god Ahura Mazda

59
Q

Zarathrusta wrote hymns for Mazda which were called…

A

Gathas

60
Q

In Zoroastrianism, the evil demon is known as….

A

Angra Manyu

61
Q

Abraham is a story of _______.

A

sacrifice

62
Q

Wisdom VS prophet religions.

A

In wisdom religions you are allowed to ask why questions and you will receive several different answers
In prophet religions, you are not really supposed to ask questions, its doing something simply because God says so

63
Q

Judaism is among the oldest ________ religions.

A

monotheistic

64
Q

The old testament is referred to as the ______.

A

tanakh

65
Q

What is the acronym for tanakh?

A

Ta=torah
Nh=Nevi’m (prophets)
Kh=Ketuvim (writings)

66
Q

Define jewish scripture. (Torah,prophets and Writings)

A

Torah= five books of Moses
Prophets=kings early/later prophets include Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jeremiah
Writings=poetry, short stories

67
Q

Jacob was renamed _______

A

Israel

68
Q

What does Hanukkah represent?

A

The victory of the Maccabees over the Antiochus

69
Q

What is the Mezuzah?

A

a small box that is placed on the right doorpost of Jewish homes. Inside the box is a parchment scroll with verses from the Torah

70
Q

In this class, will theTaNaKh will be referred to as Old Testament? why?

A

No because it is a Christian coinage that symbolizes “old testament” as being replaced by a new one

71
Q

Who were Jacob’s sons?

A

Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin.

72
Q

T/F Jacob also had a daughter named Dina

A

True

73
Q

Who was Jacob’s first and last sons?

A

Reuben and Benjamin

74
Q

What is the Decalogue? Where was it carried?

A

The Decalogue is known as the 10 commandments and was carried in the Ark of Covenant

75
Q

When did the first exile occur?

A

586 BCE

76
Q

What does Mitzvot mean?

A

Commandments

77
Q

How many Miztvots are there

A

613

78
Q

What was another name for the TaNaKh? (from medieval times)

A

Ha-Miqra

79
Q

The Ten Commandments were conceived by

A

Moses

80
Q

What is a rabbi?

A

A person who studies the Torah and can authoritatively interpret it from the Jewish tradition (a teacher)`

81
Q

The Torah is also known as ____ and ______

A

Chumash and Pentateuch

82
Q

God creates the world in ____ days

A

6

83
Q

Which one of Noah’s sons was supposedly a progenitor of the Semites?

A

Shem

84
Q

Abraham was the first to be called to ________ monotheism

A

preach

85
Q

What is the relationship of Sarah Hagar and Abraham?

A

Abraham is married to Sarah but isnce Sarah cannot have children, she lets him cohabit with their maid Hagar

86
Q

Hagar and Abraham’s first son is called

A

Ishmael

87
Q

Sarah and Abraham’s first child is called

A

Yitzhak (Isaac)

88
Q

God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice who/what?Did he agree to do it?

A

His son Isaac, he agreed to do it but then the angels came down and told him instead to kill a lamb and he passed the test still

89
Q

After passing the test, what is Abraham promised?

A

numerous descendants

90
Q

Who buried Abraham?

A

His two sons (Ishmael and Isaac)

91
Q

Isaac then marries and has a son named_____. His son had a vision and “wrestles”with God. Eventually his son’s new name is _____

A

Isaac then marries and has a son named Jacob. His son had a vision and “wrestles”with God. Eventually his son’s new name is Israel.

92
Q

Why was Canaan changed to Israel (name)?

A

Because Israel’s (Jacob before) children inhabit the land

93
Q

What happens to Israel now?

A

Jacob’s 12 sons (from Rachel and Leah) become the “owners” of the 12 tribes of Israel

94
Q

During which event was Moses born?

A

When the Pharaoh enslaves the Hebrews and all baby boys are to be killed

95
Q

Who took Moses in?

A

The Pharaoh’s Daughter

96
Q

Why did Moses flee?

A

Because he killed and Egyptian maltreating a Hebrew

97
Q

What are the Israelites promised if they served God alone?

A

Land

98
Q

The term for The law of God is _____

A

theocracy

99
Q

After Moses, the land of Israel was divided into what we know as the _______

A

twelve tribes of Israel however there was only 11 because one of the sons did not receive land (Levi)

100
Q

The first king of Israel was

A

Saul

101
Q

the second king of Israel was

A

David

102
Q

3rd king of Israel was

A

Solomon

103
Q

Which king wanted to build a temple to honor god?

A

David wanted to but couldn’t so it was passed to his son Solomon.

104
Q

The first Exile was when…

A

Judah was invaded, the temple was destroyed and many Jewish people were exiled to Babylonia

105
Q

The Beth Knesset is known as a _____.

A

synagogue

106
Q

Who defeated the babylonians?

A

Cyrus the Great

107
Q

To make a proceeding valid upon the formation of the temple, the amount of people was set at ___ also known as ____.

A

10, minyan

108
Q

Who recorded the story of the exiles?

A

Ezra (a torah scribe) and Nehemiah (a governor)

109
Q

Who rebuilt the temple?

A

Herod` the great

110
Q

What was the new temple known as?

A

Herod’s temple

111
Q

What commemorates the festival of Hanukkah?

A

defeat of Antiochus and rededication of temple

112
Q

The menorah is a…

A

“lamp” with 7 branches that was used in the ancient temple

113
Q

Who were the Zealots?

A

a first century Jewish group who sought to overthrow the Romans by armed means

114
Q

What is kashrut?

A

dietary laws

115
Q

What were the groups Jews had divided into?

A

Sadducees= preistly families, descendants from Zadok
Pharisees= spoke of two torot (written/oral torah)
Zealots=sought to get rid of foreign rule by armed means
Essenes=sought to remove themselves from urban society

116
Q

Why was Jesus arrested?

A

They found him guilty of claiming to be the son of god

117
Q

What happened after Jesus’ death?

A

roman violations of jewish ritual and the temple grew worse (temple was plundered)

118
Q

What developed the second time the Jews had no central place of worship?

A

sitz im leben (rabbanic judaism)

119
Q

What is the Mishnah according to rabbinic Judaism

A

oral law

120
Q

What is Gemarah?

A

commentary on the Mishnah

121
Q

What is Talmud?

A

Mishnah and Germarah together includes Palenstine and Babylonian (two talmuds)

122
Q

What became the central document of rabbinic judaism

A

the babylonian talmud

123
Q

Who was one the most famous medieval Jewish thinker?

A

Maimonides he was a doctor, philosopher and rabbi. He wrote a Jewish law book called Mishneh Torah and proved that Judaism and rationality were compatible

124
Q

In the ___century the Zionist movement was established.

A

19th

125
Q

What is mitzvot?

A

religious duties

126
Q

Which holiday commemorates the 10 commandments?

A

Shavuot

127
Q

Which holiday focuses on the events in the book of esther?

A

Purim

128
Q

What are some of the kashrut?

A

no pork
no mixing of meat and milk
slaughter must remove blood from an animal

129
Q

the 7 days of mourning after death are known as

A

shiva

130
Q

the mezuzah contains the passage of

A

shema (god comes first)

131
Q

Who was Antiochus>

A

selecuid ruler defeated by Maccabees

132
Q

What is the documentary hypothesis

A

a theory (julius wellhausen) that the Bible is composed of different books written by different authors during different times

133
Q

When did the holocaust take place?

A

1941-1945

134
Q

Which forces liberated the german jews?

A

the British forces

RELS 101 SDSU (4 decks)

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