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RELS 101 SDSU > Chinese/Japanese Religions > Flashcards

Chinese/Japanese Religions Flashcards

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1
Q

When discussing Chinese religion, what do we refer to?

A

The Sinjao: The three teachings

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2
Q

Who is the Sinjao attributed to?

A

Li Shiqian, a sixth century sage who combined Buddhism, Confucianism and Daoism.

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3
Q

According to the book, one common factor between daoism, confucianism and buddhism is the fact that they all foster humanism what is that?

A

humanism is the concept where one focuses more on doing well (morals, values, principals) rather than trying to understand God and the origin of the world

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4
Q

What were some of the ancient teachings before Sinjao?

A
  1. Belief that good/bad spirits were active (happiness/disaster was controlled by these spirits)
  2. Yin and Yang (good in bad, bad in good)
  3. Ancestor Veneration (worship of ancestors could bring harmony and peace).
  4. I-Ching (applying the use of bones, tortise shells+, to tell the future)
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5
Q

I-Ching was an ancient concept that arose out of the practice of ________

A

Divination (the practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means)

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6
Q

According to Yin and yang, what is heaven and what is earth?

A

yin=earth

yang= heaven

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7
Q

According to the text, who is the founder of Daoism?

A

Laozi (also known as Lao Tzu)

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8
Q

What does Laozi (Lao Tzu) mean?

A

old master

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9
Q

What do traditional reports say about the birth of Laozi?

A

Many claim he was from virginal conception and was born already old

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10
Q

What is the name of Lao Tzu’s book of teachings?Why is it important?

A

Dao De Jing

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11
Q

How many chapters are in the Dao De Jing?

A

81

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the Dao De Jing?

A

to attain harmony/peace between opposites in nature

relates to the concept of dualism

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13
Q

What is dao? is it a god? a deity?

A

In Daoism, dao is more like a path/way of life. It is beyond description but can be experienced and followed. It basically encompasses the idea of letting nature run it’s course. (natural order)

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14
Q

What type of traditions does the Dao De Jing encourage?

A

meditation and contemplation

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15
Q

Wu wei is the principle of “_________”

A

non-action or non-doing

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16
Q

What does Wu Wei represent?

A

It represents the natural order of things and letting things run by themselves.

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17
Q

What element is commonly associated with Wu Wei?Why?

A

water because water is an element that can naturally change/shape other elements through non action

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18
Q

Can Wu Wei be applied to government? How so?

A

Yes, it can apply to a government that is not too controlling over people yet interferes when necessary

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19
Q

Who was Zhuangzi?

A

A 4th century BCE Daoist teacher who expanded on the Dao De Jing. He taught that concept that people should be who they are without feeling the need to adjust to society’s norms.

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20
Q

What is simplicity?

A

General teaching of Daoism- it ties into Wu Wei and is the act of avoiding complications

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21
Q

What is Gentleness?

A

general teaching of Daoism- explains that aggression, violence and war are the worst disruptors of harmony

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22
Q

What is Relativity?

A

General teaching of Daoism- relates to “beauty is in the eye of the beholder” yet not just with physicalities, with everything. We observe things based on our norms and conditions.

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23
Q

What is Tai Chi?

A

General teaching of Daoism- In china, people do specific excercises that are taught to promote better health.

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24
Q

What is Qigong (Chi Kung)?

A

Relates to Tai Chi and is translated as “life energy” due to the teaching of certain breathing techniques

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25
Q

Which company has incorporated tai chi as part of its exercise program?

A

the Mayo Clinic; it is used for stress reduction and gentle physical exercise

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26
Q

What is confucianism categorized as?

A

Instead of being a religion, confucianism is more of an ethical and philosophical system

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27
Q

Confucianism is called a “civil religion” what does this mean?

A

This means that religious qualities (in this case confucianism’s values) are integrated into society

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28
Q

What other religion is confucianism related to?

A

The law of ancient Judaism

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29
Q

Who is the founder of confucianism?

A

Kong Qiu (Master Kong)—-Later known as Confucius

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30
Q

What were Confucius’ occupations throughout his life?

A

tax collector, teacher and finally a government adviser

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31
Q

What were the five great relationships?

A
  1. father-son = filial piety
  2. ruler-subject = loyalty
  3. elder bro. - younger bro. = brotherliness
  4. husband-wife = love/obedience
  5. older - younger friend = faithfulness
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32
Q

What did the 5 great relationships represent?

A

According to Confucius, he believed the perfect society consisted of healthy relationships between the people.

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33
Q

What are the 5 virtues?

A
  1. Ren
  2. Li
  3. Shu
  4. Xiao
  5. Wen
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34
Q

Which dynasty did Confucius use for ancestral values?

A

Zhou Dynasty

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35
Q

Which collections represent confucian teachings?

A

Lunyu (analects) and Wujing (5 classics)

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36
Q

t/f confucius has written texts in which his students have published

A

False, most of the teachings of confucian thought were compiled by his students after his death.

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37
Q

Describe Ren

A

teaches us that society is successful when we are considerate of each others. Politeness is necessary here

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38
Q

Describe Li

A

basically the act of showing good proper manners

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39
Q

Describe Shu

A

the idea of do not do to others what you would not like done to you

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40
Q

Describe Xiao

A

virtue of loyalty, obedience and care to family members

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41
Q

Describe Wen

A

Everyone in society should focus on a curricular activity (creativity)

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42
Q

Archery is an example of what virtue?

A

Wen

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43
Q

What virtue is associated with the silver rule?

A

Shu

44
Q

principle of consideration is known as _____?

A

Ren

45
Q

The two main interpreters for confucian thought are…

A

Mengzi and Xunxi

46
Q

What is the difference between CHAN and PURE land Buddhism?

A

Chan focuses on meditation with the help of a master

Pure land Buddhism emphasizes the idea that one doesn’t have to struggle for enlightenment

47
Q

What is kami?

A

mystical, superhuman forces that have the power to control (create/prolong/renew) any form of existing life

48
Q

When did kami worship start?

A

In the prehistoric times

49
Q

What is particularism?

A

particular obligations to specific people

50
Q

Who is the most famous kami?

A

Amaterasu Omikami

51
Q

t/f before the Sanjiao, one of the common beliefs in China was about spirits that were active in every aspect of the natural world

A

True

52
Q

t/f The Dao De Jing has had very little impact on Chinese though

A

False

53
Q

t/f The Sanjiao may be said to foster humanism

A

true

54
Q

t/f I-Ching harbors the concept of divination

A

true

55
Q

Which collection, in addition to the Lunzu, represents Confuianism

A

WuJing

56
Q

What is the hierarchal schema of relationships in Confucian thought?

A

The 5 great relationships

57
Q

In Confucian thought, the silver rule is represented by

A

shu

58
Q

Principle for consideration is known as…

A

Ren (Jen)

59
Q

In Confucianism, a person who pursues archery as an extracurriculur activity would be engaged in…

A

wen

60
Q

One of the most famous interpreters of Confucian though was

A

Mengzi

61
Q

Which, in addition to the Dao De Jing is a famous Daoist work?

A

The Zhuangzi

62
Q

Chi is translated as…

A

life energy

63
Q

In which confucian quality does one seek the good of others as well as the self?

A

Ren

64
Q

Chinese philosophers emphasize teaching about going with the flow of nature in the…..

A

Dao De Jing

65
Q

The Dao De Jing is believed to have been written by

A

Laozi

66
Q

Falun Dafa ia

A

A modern Chinese religious/ethical movement

67
Q

The sage who coined the term sanjiao was

A

Li Shiqian

68
Q

The Analects represents teachings of

A

Confucius

69
Q

t/f Any misfortune occurring in the uncharted wilderness of Japan could be attributed to a tengu

A

True

70
Q

t/f Fishing was the foundation of life in ancient Japan.

A

False

71
Q

t/f Buddhism is an indigenous religion of Japan

A

False

72
Q

t/f Gyoki was a famous kami

A

False

73
Q

t/f The earliest evidence of Kami worship can be seen in cave drawings

A

False

74
Q

t/f The belief in Kami is at the foundation of Japanese culture

A

true

75
Q

t/f the most famous kami is Amaterasu Omikami

A

true

76
Q

t/f the most famous kami is Amaterasu Omikami

A

true

77
Q

What is the kappa?

A

story of an amphibious boy who lives hiding in rivers

78
Q

What is the purpose of stories with strange creatures?

A

sometimes, they will blame them for an unforeseen “misfortune” such as unwanted pregnancy, deformed babies etc

79
Q

What is a tengu?

A

another creature from a story, it is partly bird and mostly human. He is often blamed for any misfortune in the uncharted wildreness

80
Q

What is a tengu?

A

another creature from a story, it is partly bird and mostly human. He is often blamed for any misfortune in the uncharted wilderness

81
Q

What are foxes perceived as?

A

Mischievous tricksters and are dangerous because they shape-shift and fool others

82
Q

What is a tanuki?

A

raccoon-dog; this creature takes joy in killing and harming humans

83
Q

What is yamamba?

A

she-demons (shriveled old women) OR mountain hags

84
Q

Amaterasu Omikari is known as ______

A

Great Heaven-Illuminating Deity

85
Q

Temple building in Japan replaced what older practice?

A

tomb building

86
Q

Who are yamabushi?

A

people skilled in the rituals of Shugenod and have acquired superhuman forces to do so

87
Q

What is the name of the legendary superboy who was renowned for his strength?

A

Kintaro

88
Q

Perceiving the mountains as sacred is known as

A

Shugendo

89
Q

Amaterasu Omikami is seen as

A

The progenitor of the imperial family

90
Q

In 1995, what did the members of Aum Shinrikyo do? Why?

A

They released sarin gas into the tokyo subway system after losing hundreds of followers in their movement and feeling rejected by society

91
Q

Who was the enlightened blind guru from Aum Shinrikyo?

A

Shoko Asahara

92
Q

Chinese form of Buddhism is known as

A

Mizong

93
Q

the nara period is

A

the move of the imperial capital to Nara in 710

94
Q

which council shunned anti Semitism?

A

Vatican Council II

95
Q

pre-eminence of peter is known as

A

Petrine Primacy

96
Q

triune god head is known as

A

the trinity (God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit)

97
Q

Direct successors to the apostles are

A

bishops

98
Q

Pre eminent position in the Western Church is

A

Bishop of Rome

99
Q

1st Bishop of rome

A

Peter

100
Q

Martin Luther refused to recant criticism at…

A

Diet of Worms

101
Q

Anabaptists were initially led by

A

Thomas Muntzer

102
Q

The emperor who imposed the death sentence on any Christian refusing to sacrifice to the state cults of Rome was…

A

Emperor Diocletian

103
Q

sunni or shia? group that supports Ali as successor

A

shia

104
Q

What is the common agreement between sunnis and shias?

A

Ali was not the rightful ruler

105
Q

Madhab translates to

A

school

106
Q

sunni or shia? use of hebrew bible

A

sunni

RELS 101 SDSU (4 decks)

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