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Reach Other Academic > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

What term refers to Jews originating from Mediterranean countries, especially the Iberian peninsula?

A

SEPHARDIM or SEPHARDIC

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2
Q

What is the term for a person who performs ritual Jewish circumcisions?

A

MOHEL

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3
Q

What Jewish holy day marks the beginning of ten days of penitence, or teshuvah, culminating on Yom Kippur?

A

ROSH HASHANAH

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4
Q

For which Jewish holy is a large meal eaten before the Kol Nidre prayer at sundown because the holy day is marked by fasting?

A

YOM KIPPUR

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5
Q

What ritual meal is eaten on the first or second night of Passover?

A

SEDER

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6
Q

What word, which translates as “proper,” refers to foods permitted by Jewish dietary laws?

A

KOSHER

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7
Q

Spinning what four-sided top is a traditional game played during the holiday of Hanukkah?

A

DREIDEL

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8
Q

What Jewish holy day is celebrated on the tenth of Tishrei, between the 14th of Septeber and the 14th of October every year?

A

YOM KIPPUR

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9
Q

What potato pancakes are traditionally prepared to celebrate Hanukkah in the in Ashkenazi Jewish tradition?

A

LATKES

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10
Q

What term is used to refer to the involuntary mass dispersion of a population from its indigenous territories, especially the dispersion of Jews after the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE?

A

DIASPORA

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11
Q

What is the term for a spiritual leader and religious teacher of a Jewish community or congregation?

A

RABBI

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12
Q

Literally translated as the “Head of the Year,” what day marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year?

A

ROSH HASHANAH

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13
Q

What term refers to a school for the study of the Torah and Talmud?

A

YESHIVA

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14
Q

Translated as “Daughter of the Commandment,” what Jewish ceremony marks a girl’s coming of age at 12 years old?

A

BAT MITZVAH

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15
Q

What site is the only remaining part of the temple destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE and is an important place of pilgrimage for Jews?

A

WESTERN (or WAILING) WALL

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16
Q

Translated as “Son of the Commandment,” what Jewish ceremony marks a boy’s coming of age at 13 years old?

A

BAR MITZVAH

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17
Q

What is the name of the canopy under which the bride, grrom and Rabbi will stand during the Jewish marriage ceremony?

A

CHUPPAH

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18
Q

What Jewish holy day marks the wheat harvest and also commemorates the anniversary of the giving of the Torah by God to the Children of Israel at Mount Sinai?

A

SHAVUOT

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19
Q

What Jewish religious movement, which takes its name from the Hebrew for “piety,” arose as a spiritual revival in the 18th century in Eastern Europe?

A

HASIDISM or HASIDIC (JUDAISM)

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20
Q

What Jewish holy day, the Day of Remembrance, is also the day of judgment in which God remembers and judges each person according to their deeds, and making a decree for each for the following year?

A

ROSH HASHANAH

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21
Q

What is the Yiddish for “Hanukkah money,”distributed to children during the festival of Hanukkah?

A

GELT

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22
Q

What horn, typically made of a ram’s horn, is blown in synagogue services on Rosh Hashanah and at the end of Yom Kippur?

A

SHOFAR

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23
Q

What Jewish festival commemorates an victory in the Maccabean revolt, against the Seleucid Empire, resulting in the recapture of Jerusalem in the year 164 BCE?

A

HANUKKAH

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24
Q

What unleavened bread is eaten during the Jewish festival of Passover?

A

MATZO

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25
Q

What Jewish holy day is considered the holiest day of the year: a very solemn day devoted to fasting, prayer, and repentance?

A

YOM KIPPUR

26
Q

What is the name for the head covering worn during Jewish prayers?

A

KIPPAH or YARMULKE

27
Q

What cousin and adopted daughter of Mordecai who had become Queen of Persia helped foil the plans of Haman to kill all the Jews of the empire?

A

ESTHER

28
Q

What is the traditional diaspora language of Ashkenazi Jews?

A

YIDDISH

29
Q

The name of what Jewish festival is derived from the Hebrew word meaning “to dedicate” as it celebrates the re-dedication of the Second Temple?

A

HANUKKAH

30
Q

What are the five books of the Torah?

A

GENESIS, EXODUS, LEVITICUS, NUMBERS, DEUTERONOMY

Mnemonic: God’s Endless Love Never Dies

31
Q

What Jewish holy day commemorates the saving of the Jewish people from Haman, an Achaemenid Persian Empire official who was planning to kill all the Jews, as recounted in the Book of Esther?

A

PURIM

32
Q

What seven-day Jewish festival is also known as the Feast of Booths or Tabernacles?

A

SUKKOT

33
Q

In the Jewish religion, what is the term for the four-cornered shawl worn for prayer?

A

TALLIT

34
Q

What central text of Rabbinic Judaism consists of the Mishnah and Gemara?

A

TALMUD

35
Q

What school of thought in Jewish mysticism attempts to explain the relationship between the eternal God and the mortal world?

A

KABBALAH

36
Q

Who is consider to be the father of the Jewish nation? He is also the father of Isaac and Jacob.

A

ABRAHAM

37
Q

What Jewish festival commemorates the Exodus, the liberation of the Israelite slaves from Egypt?

A

PASSOVER or PESACH

38
Q

What Jewish holy day includes a reading of the entire Book of Jonah and concludes with the Ne’ilah service?

A

YOM KIPPUR

39
Q

What is the holiest site in Judaism?

A

THE TEMPLE MOUNT (which includes the Western Wall)

40
Q

What is the name given to the five books of Moses of the Hebrew Bible?

A

(WRITTEN) TORAH (accept PENTATEUCH)

41
Q

During which Jewish festival can Jews not eat or even own chametz and have to eat matzo instead?

A

PASSOVER or PESACH (chametz is leavened bread)

42
Q

What Jewish holy day is the Day of Atonement?

A

YOM KIPPUR

43
Q

The last day of what Jewish festival commemorates the Splitting of the Red Sea?

A

PASSOVER or PESACH

44
Q

What Jewish festival is also known as the Festival of Unleavened Bread, as it celebrates the Israelites leaving Egypt so quickly that their bread did not have enough time to rise?

A

PASSOVER or PESACH

45
Q

What seven-day Jewish festival commemorates the years that the Jews spent in the desert on their way to the Promised Land?

A

SUKKOT

46
Q

What Jewish festival starts on the the 25th day of Kislev and lasts for eight nights and days?

A

HANUKKAH

47
Q

On which Jewish holy day did Egyptian forces invade the Sinai peninsula, inciting 1973 Arab-Israeli War?

A

YOM KIPPUR

48
Q

What is the political movement securing the Jewish return to the land of Israel?

A

ZIONISM

49
Q

What Jewish festival is also known as the Festival of Lights?

A

HANUKKAH

50
Q

What is the name of the candle on the menorah that is used to light the others?

A

SHAMASH

51
Q

What term refers to Jews of Central and Eastern European origin?

A

ASHKENAZI(M) or ASHKENAZIC

52
Q

Who was the royal vizier to King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I of Persia) who planned to kill all the Jews in the empire but was foiled by Mordecai and Esther?

A

HAMAN

53
Q

What Jewish holy day commemorates the day that creation of the world was completed?

A

ROSH HASHANAH

54
Q

Who do Jews believe will be sent by God to lead the world into an age of peace and understanding?

A

THE MESSIAH

55
Q

In the Jewish tradition, what term refers to the seven days of intense mourning following the burial of a close relation?

A

SHIVA

56
Q

What enriched bread is eaten particularly on Shabbat and during Jewish festivals?

A

CHALLAH

57
Q

How many candles are there on a menorah?

A

NINE

58
Q

What religious rite is performed by a qualified mohel on all Jewish boys, usually on the eighth day after birth?

A

CIRCUMCISION or BRIT MILAH

59
Q

What medieval Sephardic Jewish philosopher, one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars, was also a preeminent astronomer and the personal physician of Saladin?

A

MAIMONIDES (my-MON-i-deez) or MOSES BEN MAIMON

60
Q

For how many nights and days does the Jewish festival of Hanukkah last?

A

EIGHT

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