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Religion > Judaism > Flashcards

Judaism Flashcards

1
Q

Who destroyed the Second Temple of Jerusalem? When?

A

The Romans
70ce

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2
Q

Which event brought the end to the temple-based ceremonial religion?

A

The destruction of the second temple

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3
Q

Biblical Judaism

A

Judaism before the destruction of the Second Temple (70ce)

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4
Q

Rabbinical Judaism

A

Judaism that developed after the destruction of the second temple

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5
Q

Who destroyed the kingdom of Judah and the First Temple?

A

Babylonians 586 BCE

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6
Q

What are the 3 developments that lead to a new movement in Judaism?

A
  1. The new thinking of the European Enlightenment
  2. The liberal thought of the American and French Revolutions
  3. The laws of Napoleon
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7
Q

What was the new movement of Judaism called?

A

Reform

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8
Q

What are rabbis?

A

A religious teacher/Jewish minister

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9
Q

Midrash

A

Interpretation of biblical laws and practices

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10
Q

What is the Torah?

A

Teachings/instructions

The first 5 books of the Hebrew scriptures
Stories of the creation of the world, introduces Moses, daily laws and rituals

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11
Q

What is the Nevi’im?

A

The prophets

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12
Q

What is the Ketuvim?

A

The writings

Imaginative literature

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13
Q

What are the 3 sections of the Hebrew Bible?

A
  1. Torah
  2. Nevi’im
  3. Ketuvim
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14
Q

The Hebrew Bible is often called?

A

Tanakh

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15
Q

God’s creation stages was split over _____ days? God views what he has done and sees that it is _______. God ____ on the ______ day.

A

6
Good
Rests
7th

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16
Q

Male is a copy of _____

Female is a copy of _______

A

God

Male

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17
Q

The story of Adam and Eve’s children, Cain and Abel ends in _____?

What does it represent?

A

Cain’s murder of Abel

The rivalries between farmers and herders

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18
Q

What does God place into the sky after flooding the earth?

A

A bow

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19
Q

What does the name adam mean?

A

Humankind

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20
Q

What does the name Eve mean?

A

Life

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21
Q

Who is the first Hebrew patriarch?

A

Abraham

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22
Q

What does Canaan mean?

A

An ancient name for the land of Israel

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23
Q

What is a covenant?

A

A contract between hebrews and their God, Yahweh

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24
Q

In return for God’s promise to provide land, protection, and descendants, Abraham and his male descendants must be _____? It is a sign of their relationship with _____?

A

Circumcised

God

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25
Q

Who did God asked Abraham to sacrifice?

A

His son, Isaac

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26
Q

What are Theophanies?

A

A revelation or appearance of God

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27
Q

The pharaoh demanded that all Hebrew baby boys be killed at birth. Which baby was saved?

A

Moses

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28
Q

They placed baby Moses in a basket and sent him down which river?

A

The Nile River

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29
Q

What are the two appearances of God in the Torah?

A
  1. Yahweh appears directly to humans
  2. Yahweh exists as a spirit
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30
Q

What is Passover?

A

A spring festival that recalls Hebrews exodus from Egypt and freedom from oppression

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31
Q

The Bible tells the Hebrews’ journey out of Egypt through which large body of water?

A

The Red Sea

32
Q

When Moses descends, he returns with which rules?

A

The Ten Commandments

33
Q

What are judges?

A

Men and Women with military and legal power

34
Q

Who built and dedicated the First Temple?

A

Solomon

35
Q

What is a prophet?

A

A person inspired by God to speak for him

36
Q

How long did the Jewish exile off to Babylonia last?

A

Almost 50 years

37
Q

What is sabbath? When is it?

A

The seventh day of the week, a day of prayer and rest
Saturday

38
Q

Who allowed the Jews to return to their homeland in 540BCE?

A

Cyrus

39
Q

What is Hannukkah?

A

The winter festival recalling the rededication of the Second Temple (lighting of candles for 8 days)

40
Q

What are the Sadducees?

A

Members of preistly families

41
Q

What are the Pharisees?

A

Emphasized following religious laws (the Torah)

42
Q

What are the Zealots?

A

An anti-Roman faction

43
Q

What are the Essenes?

A

Skilled in medicine, dressed in white
Prepared for God to end the world of injustice and bring mercy and peace
“sons of light”

44
Q

When were the Dead Sea Scrolls uncovered?

A

1947-1955

45
Q

The end of the Second Temple produced two major effects?

A
  1. Ended priesthood
  2. Forced religion away from temple ritual, shifting towards scripture
46
Q

What is the Messiah?

A

A savior sent by God

47
Q

What is the Kabbalah?

A

The whole body of Jewish mystical literature

Used to understand the reality of God and hidden structure of the universeA

48
Q

As a result of the Spanish Inquisition, which great cultural divisions occured?

A
  1. Sephardic Judaism
  2. Ashkenazic Judaism
49
Q

After the renaissance, Judaism moved in two ways, _____ and _______?

A

Traditional and Modernization

50
Q

The Holocaust

A

The destruction of European Judaism by the Nazis

51
Q

What is Zionism?

A

A movement that encouraged the creation of Israel

52
Q

What are the set of central beliefs in Judaism?

A
  1. Belief in God
  2. Belief in the words of the Prophets
  3. God gave the law to Moses
  4. The messiah will come
  5. There will be a resurrection of the good in the world
53
Q

Immortality comes from acting?

A

Virtuously (leaving behind charitable contribution)

54
Q

In Judaism, human beings have _____?

A

A special role

55
Q

Judaism is less interested in ______ and more interested in _______.

A

Orthodoxy (correct belief)

Orthopraxy (correct practice)

56
Q

The Jewish Sabbath begins on _____ at ______ and lasts until ________ just after _________.

A

Friday/sunset

Saturday/sunset

57
Q

The Jewish calendar is _____.

A

Lunar

58
Q

What is Rosh Hashanah

A

Jewish New Year. Occurs in the 7th lunar month

59
Q

What is the most solemn day of the year?

A

Yom Kippur

60
Q

What is Sukkot?

A

Recalls the wandering of the early Hebrews after they left Egypt

61
Q

What does the term Kosher mean? What are the rules?

A

Ritually correct. Refers to food preparation and consumption

All blood must be drained before meat is eaten
Pork and shellfish are forbidden
Meat and dairy products can’t be mixed

62
Q

What is a Tallit?

A

A prayer shawl worn by males in morning prayer

63
Q

The remembrance of God is assisted by the presence of _______ placed on the doorpost of the entrance to a home.

A

Mezuzah

64
Q

What is a bar mitzvah? (age 13)

A

When a young man legally becomes an adult

Coming of age ceremony

65
Q

Which group argues that men and women are “equal but separate”?

A

Traditionalist groups

66
Q

What are Sephardic Jews? What language do they speak?

A

Jews of Spain, Morocco, and the Mediterranean region

Ladino (Spanish mixed with Hebrew)

67
Q

What are Ashkenazic Jews? What language do they speak?

A

Jews who lived in or came from central Europe

Yiddish (German + Hebrew)

68
Q

What are the 4 branches of Judaism?

A
  1. Orthodox Judaism
  2. Conservative Judaism
  3. Reform Judaism
  4. Reconstructionist Judaism
69
Q

What is Orthodox Judaism?

A

Began after the reform, follows a traditionalist approach

70
Q

What is Conservative Judaism?

A

Attempts to blend the best of old and new Judaism

71
Q

What is Reform Judaism?

A

Began in Germany out of a desire to leave the ghetto life and enter mainstream Europe

72
Q

What is Reconstructionist Judaism?

A

The newest and smallest branch of Judaism

Allows the freedom of personal interpretation
Emphasizes the cultural aspects

73
Q

Nearly ______ of the world’s Jewish population was destroyed over the past century

A

1/3

74
Q

In a story from Genesis, Jacob wrestles all night with a mysterious stranger -God. At dawn, the fight is over and Jacob recieves from the stranger a new name; _________, which means “wrestles with God.”

A

Israel

75
Q

The Babylonian _____ contains legal material and nonlegal anecdotes and tales

A

Talmud

76
Q

In 18th century central Europe, Jewish traditionalism expressed itself in both Talmudic scholarship and in _______, a devotional movement

A

Hasidism

77
Q

By the end of WWll, an estimated ________ Jews had been killed

A

Six million

Religion (6 decks)

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