Journal articles

Question 1

Idiopathic gastric distension after gastrotomy for foreign bodies

Answer 1

No obvious cause of gastric distension on rads or in surgery. placed a gastrotomy tube and a jejunostomy tube to provide nutrition and decompress the stomach. Did well.

Question 2

Epitheliotropic gastrointestinal T-Cell lymphoma in a ferret with insulinoma and adrenocortical carcinoma

Answer 2

chronic diarrhea, not responsive to medical therapy. exam& minimum database boring. surgical biopsies. prednisolone elected for therapy, survived 15+ months on pred alone. some indolent lymphomas can do very well.

Question 3

Mycobacteriosis (17 cases) in ferrets

Answer 3

ocular, resp, GI signs; dx with histopath, PCR & special stains. 3 out of 17 were “cured”, other 14 nt. Mostly a european thing it seemsso far.

Question 4

Anal sac adenocarcinoma with mets & hypercalcemia in a ferret

Answer 4

anal prolapse, bilateral enlarged AS. lobulated mass in R perianal area could be palpated. Dec BG, potassium, phos; inc total and ionized calcium. Chemotherapy instituted (too big/mets, no sx). Did well for 13 months!

Question 5

Mesenteric heterotopic ossificans in a ferret

Answer 5

rare, sometimes secondary to trauma. symptoms were anorexia, weakness, weight loss; could feel multiple abd masses. white/tan nodular hard lesions in omentum and spleen.

Question 6

cervical abscess & sialadenitis due to Pseudomonas luteola in two ferrets

Answer 6

2 cases in north america; firm cervical swellings, lethargy, inappetance. abscessation of mandibular salivary gland. one tx surgically - recovered. One treated medically - recurred & euthanized.

Question 7

rectovaginal fistula in a ferret

Answer 7

Normal anus. dorsal wall of vagina and ventral rectum. fistula seen with exam, contrast rads & CT, then surgically corrected. early complications included constipation, incontinence and perineal in dogs & cats; but in this ferret there were none.

Question 8

Diagnosis and treatment of esophageal foreign body or stricture in 3 ferrets

Answer 8

dysphagia & esophagitis. all 3 had foreign bodies, one had mucosal inflammation, noe had a stricture. One of the ferrets had recently had a gastric FB removed. This article is prob why the recc is to always rad the esophagus as well as the stomach! balloon dilatation of the stricture, esophageal stent (not surgery). all did well after tx.

Question 9

Chylous ascites associated with abdominal trauma and resection-anastamosis in a ferret

Answer 9

pneumoperitoneum and septic peritonitis after dog bite; went to surgery to treat duodenal laceration, jejunal mesenteric tears. Chylous effusion developed 48h later. Treated with octreotide & supportive care, draining fluids. resolved after 8 day of tx.

Question 10

Partial gastrectomy for gastric leiomyosarcoma in a Guinea Pig

Answer 10

cranial abdominal mass found during annual exam; rads & US showed gastric mass. FNA looked like spindle cell sarcoma. Resected, did great, no recurrence 19 months later. Awesome.

Question 11

Mesenteric root and cecal torsion in a domestic rabbit

Answer 11

ER case for hyporexia, pigmenturia, abnormal feces. Had 2 month history of intermittent stasis. persistent gas in the cecum; left sided cranial displacement of a cecum. advanced tx declined. 2 months later, had acute shock, arrrested; necropsy sowed marked gas dilation of small intestines and cecum, with a 360 mesenteric root torsion of the small intestines and 180 rotation of the cecum.

Question 12

Esophagostomy tube to manage traumatic subtotal glossectomy in a hedgehog

Answer 12

presented for the trauma (not described what kind) - pale mm, dehydration, macerated tongue. debrided the tongue & closed it, then placed esophagostomy tube for supportive care afterward. HH did great. Cool.

Question 13

Duplex doppler ultrasound of healthy rabbit GIT

Answer 13

counted perstaltic contractions in stomach, duodenum, jejunum, cecum and colon. regular and sedated. duodenum and jejunum contracted regularly. sedation didn’t affect it. can use B mode and PWD to assess motility of duodenum and jejunum.

Question 14

Maxillary nerveblock technique in rabbits

Answer 14

doesn’t describe the technique in the abstract, but gist is: it worked, no side effects

Question 15

CT findings of dental disease in rabbits (100 cases)

Answer 15

cases that had head CT for any reason. re-evaluated retrospectively for evidence of dental disease; majority had it. some asynchrony in development of dental disease (one side worse than other) in many cases. as rabbits get older their teeth get worse. sagittal plane curvature, elongation at apices, and mandibular canal deformation common.

Question 16

117 cases, rabbits with GI stasis

Answer 16

hypothermia (under 97.9) way more likely to die, prognosis good otherwise.

Question 17

3 cases colonic obstruction after spay

Answer 17

nonspecific GI signs @ home, pain & caudal abd mass on exam. rads - gas distension of intestines, ultrasound showing abrupt narrowing of the colon @ the uterine stump. 2 had adhesions from the uterus to the small intestine mesentery; one rabbit had sutures accidentally in the colon. first 2 euth’d, 3rd died. maybe with fast surgery adhesions could be avoided.

Question 18

Omental torsion in a rabbit

Answer 18

GI signs, mass palpable but couldn’t diagnose on rads/AUS. exploratory, torsion of lesser omentum found. resected, rabbit did great.

Question 19

Sialectasis in a rabbit

Answer 19

subcutaneous mass in ventral SM/cerv area. culture of FNA grew cocci, then Cryptococcus, actinomyces, Candida spp and strep spp. no response to medical mgmt. CT, surgery. basically did well though some local low-level recurrence 1-2 years later.

Question 20

Rads vs CT for dental disease in rabbits

Answer 20

basically CT was more accurate. 24 patients better than rads (out of 30); 5 patients rads were better; 1 tied.

Question 21

Rectocutaneous fistula in a guinea pig

Answer 21

imperforate anus (found @ 6 months old!). partial atresia ani with a rectocutaneous fistula. used “pull through” to create a new ectopic anus.

Question 22

colocolic intussusception in a domestic rabbit

Answer 22

severe dental disease, 7d history of ileus; no improvement with medical mgmt, AUS showed colocolic intussusception. euthanized. no underlying cause, tissue very necrotic.

Question 23

Large bowel r&a in a rabbit, after obstruction

Answer 23

3d anorexia &lethargy. gas in SI & cecum on rads. no improvement with supportive care. exploratory -obstruction in proximal colon and adhesion of jejunum to the obstruction site. adhesion dissected off colon, obstruction removed. R & a of colondone. did well afterward. craaaazy

Question 24

successful treatment of post spay colon obstruction

Answer 24

normal spay (to mid-vagina). did well for 7d then acute GI stasis. painful. rads showed gas distension of colo & cecum. exploratory - distal colon encircled by mesenteric tissue (likely mesometrium). bladder and vaginal stump adhered to colon at the same level as vaginal sutures. broke down adhesions. did well afterward. do surgery quicer.

Question 25

tracheal FB after NG tube placement in a rabbit

Answer 25

15 cm of NG tube was in the trachea! removed with bronchoscope. all done.

Question 26

Parasitic cestode cyst in facial folds of a pet rabbit

Answer 26

had bad teeth but also a cestode removed the end

Question 27

GI vasculitis and necrosis with long term metacam in a rabbit

Answer 27

rabbit had been on 0.2 mg/kg metacam q12h for 5 mo for a nephrolith/GI pain. BUN inc, went to nephrotomy. did well, then died 5d later. on necropsy had multiple gastric ulcers and a perforated duodenal ulcer, peritonitis & free fluid.

Question 28

D hernias in 16 rabbis

Answer 28

mostly females, mostly presented for resp signs, mostly right sided with kidney herniation. surgery of hernias didn’t necessarily have better outcomes (mixed). weird that it’s mostly females and that it’s the kidney that herniated, other species don’t do that.

Question 29

FNA of an intestinal mass in a rabbit

Answer 29

presented for prolonged RGIS; could feel large soft tissue mass in middle abdomen. used US to look at it and guide an FNA. eventually euthanized during sx. small intestinal pseudodiverticuli (lots of them).

Question 30

Acid-base andblood gases in rabbits with RGIS

Answer 30

lots of rabbits with any GI dz are acidotic & should be tx as such

Question 31

Surgical resection of an enteric duplication cyst

Answer 31

rare congenital disorder of endoderm duplication - abdominal mass found @ 6 years old! exploratory - mass adhesed to small intestines but not directly arising from them. adhesions broken down and the mass excised. E coli, bacteroides grew. congenital enteric cyst. did great after surgery. vert de ferk.

Question 32

Lingual sarcoma and glossectomy in a rabbit

Answer 32

happened in a 2 yo rabbit! other than that, not much to it (in the abstract anyway).