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AFES 4th Class Exam Prep > Jones and Bartlett Firefighter Skills > Flashcards

Jones and Bartlett Firefighter Skills Flashcards

1
Q

What type of construction is referred to as “ordinary construction”?

A

Type III

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2
Q

At what temperature will steel lose its strength and elongate, causing a support beam to collapse?

A

538 degrees C (1000 degrees F)

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3
Q

What is the term that relates to the decrease in wood strength from exposure to the high temperatures generated by a fire?

A

Pyrolysis

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4
Q

What type of construction is referred to as “fire-resistive” construction?

A

Type I

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5
Q

What type of construction is used for almost all modern wood-frame construction?

A

Platform-frame

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6
Q

What type of non load-bearing wall is an interior wall that extends from a floor to the underside of a floor above?

A

Fire barrier walls

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7
Q

When concrete is heated, the moisture inside the concrete converts to steam and expands, creating internal pressure and causing a section of the concrete to break off. This process is called __________

A

Spalling

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8
Q

What is the term for the weight of a building itself, without contents, as it sits on the foundation?

A

Dead load

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9
Q

What type of glass is often used in fire doors and windows designed to prevent fire spread?

A

Wired glass

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10
Q

In Canada, a good rule of thumb for identifying Type II structures is _______________

A

Visibly exposed structural steel elements

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11
Q

Which phase of fire suppression involves considering dispatch information along with pre-incident plan information about the location to determine what types of tools might be needed?

A

Response and size-up

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12
Q

What special equipment is needed for a rapid intervention company/crew?

A

Thermal Imaging Camera

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13
Q

What are the 3 ways that fire can spread?

A

Conduction, convection and radiation

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14
Q

What is conduction?

A

Transfer of heat through matter (ie. heat travelling up a metal spoon)

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15
Q

What is convection?

A

Circulatory movement that occurs in a gas or fluid. Convection currents in a fire involve hot gases generated by the fire that rise because they are lighter, creating a higher pressure. Cooler gases are denser and move to the lower areas.

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16
Q

What is radiation?

A

The transfer of heat through the emission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves

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17
Q

What kind of fires are Class A fires?

A

Ordinary solid combustible materials (wood, paper, cloth)

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18
Q

What kind of fires are Class B fires?

A

Flammable or combustible liquids (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, etc)

19
Q

What kind of fires are Class C fires?

A

Energized electrical equipment

20
Q

What kind of fires are Class D fires?

A

Combustible metals (sodium, magnesium, titanium)

21
Q

What kind of fires are Class K fires?

A

Combustible cooking oils and fats in kitchens

22
Q

What are the three primary factors that influence the combustion of solid fuel fires?

A

Composition of the fuel, the amount of fuel and the configuration of the fuel

23
Q

What are the factors that influence the fuel configuration?

A

Surface-to-mass ratio, orientation of the fuel, continuity of the fuel

24
Q

What are the four stages of fire development?

A

Incipient stage, growth stage, fully developed stage, decay stage

25
Q

What happens during the incipient stage of a fire?

A

Fuel starts to burn; fire is confined to the area of origin and does not significantly affect the atmosphere in the fire compartment

26
Q

What happens during the growth stage of a fire?

A
  • Fire begins to involve fuels beyond the ignition point
  • Fire begins to create a plume of hot gases
  • Temperature in the fire compartment begins to rise and pyrolyze fuels close to the fire
  • ## When pressure from the burning gases gets higher, the fire may begin to spread beyond the room of origin
27
Q

What happens during the fully developed stage of a fire?

A
  • All available fuel has ignited and heat is being produced at the maximum rate
  • Some fires will not reach a fully developed stage because they become ventilation-limited
28
Q

What happens during the decay stage of a fire?

A

Rate of burning slows down because less fuel is available or the oxygen supply is limited

29
Q

What are some special conditions within the fire compartment?

A
  • Thermal layering
  • Roll-over
  • Backdraft
  • Flashover
  • Rapid fire growth
  • Ventilation-limited fires
30
Q

What is thermal layering?

A

The property of gases in an enclosed space in which they form layers according to their temperature. Hottest gases travel by convection currents to the top level of the room

31
Q

What is roll-over?

A

Ignition of the hot, unburned gases that have accumulated at the top of the fire compartment; can be a precursor to a flashover

32
Q

What is a flashover?

A

Near-simultaneous ignition of most of the exposed combustible materials in an enclosed area

33
Q

What is a backdraft?

A

Caused by a change of the ventilation profile, permitting the introduction of oxygen into an enclosure where superheated gases and contents are hot enough for ignition, but the fire does not have sufficient oxygen to cause their combustion

34
Q

Why are modern structures at greater risk of backdrafts?

A
  • More tightly sealed
  • Constructed of lighter-weight materials
  • Contain more plastics
35
Q

The characteristics of flammable vapours can be described in terms of ____________________ and ____________________

A

Vapour density, flammability limits

36
Q

What is a BLEVE?

A

Boiling liquid/expanding vapour explosion

37
Q

Assessment of what four things assists firefighters to potentially predict the location of a fire and its stage of development?

A
  • Smoke volume
  • Velocity
  • Density
  • Colour
38
Q

Smoke reading requires firefighters to evaluate the effect of ___________, ___________, and _____________ on the smoke

A

The building, the weather, ventilation

39
Q

The risk of failure of a steel structure depends on ___________, ___________, and ___________

A

Mass of the steel components, loads placed on them, methods used to connect the components

40
Q

What is the most important characteristic of wood?

A

High combustibility

41
Q

What is Type I Construction?

A

Fire-resistive - commonly used in schools, hospitals, and high-rise buildings

42
Q

What is Type II Construction?

A

Non-combustible - commonly used in single storey warehouses or factory buildings where fire spread is not an issue

43
Q

What is Type III Construction?

A

Ordinary - used in a wide variety of buildings, ranging from strip malls to small apartment buildings

AFES 4th Class Exam Prep (6 decks)

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