Joints, Tendons and Ligaments Flashcards
what are the three main groups of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Function of fibrous joints
Bones are firmly fixed together by fibrous tissue so no movement is possible
Function of cartilaginous joints
A pad of cartilage sits between the ends of the bones
when this cartilage is compressed slight movement is allowed.
Compression of the discs allow slight rocking movements in the backbone
Why is cartilage important in skeletal system?
Its tough and flexible, helps to absorb shock and prevent bone damage in the spine and limbs
What are the 3 types of cartilage
Fibrous
Hyaline
Elastic
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Most common type and found in the trachea and cartilage of the ribs
Where are elastic cartilage found?
found in the outer ear and the larynx
What do fibrocartilage do?
Forms the disk between the vertebrae of the spine
What are synovial joints?
Freely moving joints such as the stifle (knee) and the shoulder joints
What are features of the synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage
Ligament
Tendon
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Fibrous joint capsule
function of synovial fluid
egg white, lubricates the joint
Function of synovial membrane
produces synovial fluid
function of hyaline cartilage
reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
function of the fibrous joint capsule
an envelope around the synovial joint
How do hinge joints work?
works like a hinge with movement in one plane- e.g. elbow and knee joint
How do pivot joints work?
one bone pivots to another, only movement is rotation, found in the joint between the first two vertebrae. (atlas and axis).
How do ball and socket joints work?
allow the greatest range of movement including flexion and extension as well as rotation.
e.g. shoulder and hip joints
How do gliding joints work?
one bone rocks against the other, movement is in one plane, with a small amount of twisting, usually held together by ligaments.
e.g. wrist, ankle and sternum.
How do condyloid joints work?
allows angular movement along two axes, can move both side to side and up and down
How do saddle joints work?
have concave and convex portions that fit together,
allow angular movements similar to condyloid joints but with greater range of motion,
e.g.a thumb joint which can move back and fourth and up and down.
function of tendons
attach a muscle to bone and harness the pull from muscle contraction to bring about movement
function of ligaments
attach bone to bone and help to maintain structural integrity in the skeletal system
