Joints, Tendons and Ligaments

Question 1

what are the three main groups of joints?

Answer 1

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 2

Function of fibrous joints

Answer 2

Bones are firmly fixed together by fibrous tissue so no movement is possible

Question 3

Function of cartilaginous joints

Answer 3

A pad of cartilage sits between the ends of the bones
when this cartilage is compressed slight movement is allowed.
Compression of the discs allow slight rocking movements in the backbone

Question 4

Why is cartilage important in skeletal system?

Answer 4

Its tough and flexible, helps to absorb shock and prevent bone damage in the spine and limbs

Question 5

What are the 3 types of cartilage

Answer 5

Fibrous
Hyaline
Elastic

Question 6

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 6

Most common type and found in the trachea and cartilage of the ribs

Question 7

Where are elastic cartilage found?

Answer 7

found in the outer ear and the larynx

Question 8

What do fibrocartilage do?

Answer 8

Forms the disk between the vertebrae of the spine

Question 9

What are synovial joints?

Answer 9

Freely moving joints such as the stifle (knee) and the shoulder joints

Question 10

What are features of the synovial joints?

Answer 10

Hyaline cartilage
Ligament
Tendon
Synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Fibrous joint capsule

Question 11

function of synovial fluid

Answer 11

egg white, lubricates the joint

Question 12

Function of synovial membrane

Answer 12

produces synovial fluid

Question 13

function of hyaline cartilage

Answer 13

reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber

Question 14

function of the fibrous joint capsule

Answer 14

an envelope around the synovial joint

Question 15

How do hinge joints work?

Answer 15

works like a hinge with movement in one plane- e.g. elbow and knee joint

Question 16

How do pivot joints work?

Answer 16

one bone pivots to another, only movement is rotation, found in the joint between the first two vertebrae. (atlas and axis).

Question 17

How do ball and socket joints work?

Answer 17

allow the greatest range of movement including flexion and extension as well as rotation.
e.g. shoulder and hip joints

Question 18

How do gliding joints work?

Answer 18

one bone rocks against the other, movement is in one plane, with a small amount of twisting, usually held together by ligaments.
e.g. wrist, ankle and sternum.

Question 19

How do condyloid joints work?

Answer 19

allows angular movement along two axes, can move both side to side and up and down

Question 20

How do saddle joints work?

Answer 20

have concave and convex portions that fit together,
allow angular movements similar to condyloid joints but with greater range of motion,
e.g.a thumb joint which can move back and fourth and up and down.

Question 21

function of tendons

Answer 21

attach a muscle to bone and harness the pull from muscle contraction to bring about movement

Question 22

function of ligaments

Answer 22

attach bone to bone and help to maintain structural integrity in the skeletal system