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Year 2- MSK > Joints, Synovial Fluid and Cartlidge > Flashcards

Joints, Synovial Fluid and Cartlidge Flashcards

1
Q

RECAP- give an example of a fibrous joint.

A

Cranial sutures
Interossues membrane
Periodontal ligament

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1
Q

RECAP- three types of joint?

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

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2
Q

What is a primary cartilaginous joint composed of?

A

Hyaline cartilage only

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3
Q

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint composed of?

A

Hyaline and fibrocartilage

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4
Q

Give an example of a primary cartilaginous joint

A

Epiphyseal growth plate

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5
Q

Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint.

A

Intervertebral discs

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6
Q

Which type of joint has the most movement?

A

Synovial

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7
Q

What is found in the synovial capsule of the synovial joints?

A

Synovial fluid

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8
Q

What are glycosaminoglycans or GAGs?

A

Unbranched polysaccharides which are highly polar and therefore attract water

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9
Q

What are glycoproteins?

A

Proteins with carbohydrates attached
More protein than carb

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10
Q

What are proteoglycans?

A

GAGs attached to a core protein
Tends to be more carb than protein

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11
Q

What is the water content of healthy cartilage like?

A

High, around 75%

->big advantage as gives strength- think in terms of physics, if water is incompressable

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12
Q

Cartilage is avascular. How does it get it’s nutrients?

A

From the synovial fluid

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13
Q

What produces synovial fluid?

A

Synoviocytes in the synovium

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14
Q

The synovium has a rich capillary network. What does this allow for?

A

Direct exchange of oxygen, CO2 and metabolites between the blood and synovial fluid

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15
Q

There are two types of synoviocytes- type A and B, which produce the majority of the synovial fluid?

16
Q

What do type A synviocytes do?

A

Produce some synovial fluid
Remove debris

17
Q

What are some of the components of synovial fluid?

A

Hyaluronic acid
Lubricin

18
Q

What is the main function of synovial fluid?

A

To provide lubrication for joints to reduce friction

19
Q

Bursae are fluid filled sacs found in joints. What do they do?

A

Reduce friction

20
Q

What happens to cartilage with age?

A

Thinning of cartilage
Water content decreases

This leads to increased stiffness and brittleness
Reduced shock absorption

21
Q

Give an example of a GAG.

A

Hyaluronic acid

22
Q

Give an example of a glycoprotein.

23
Q

Give an example of a proteoglycan.

Year 2- MSK (36 decks)

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