Joints of the hindlimb Flashcards
List the joints in the HL
- Sacroiliac joint
- The hip joint
- Stifle joint
Location of sacroiliac joint
- Between the lateral sacrum adn medial aspect of the wings of the ilium
Type of joint, and movement
- Partly cartilaginous, partly synovial so a small joint capsule present
- Capable of v little movement
The sacroiliac ligaments
- short strong ligaments run from sacrum to ilium, covering sacroiliac joint
- Dorsal sacroiliac joint lig runs dorsally
- Ventral sacroiliac joint runs ventrally
- Sacrotuberous lig - v strong fibrous cord running from caudal dorsal sacrum and first coccygeal vertebrae to ischiatic tuberosity
What muscles originate partly or wholly from the sacrotuberous lig?
biceps femoris,
superficial gluteal,
piriformis and
tenuissimus.
The hip joint formed by..
formed by the head of the femur articulating with acetabulum of pelvis
How is the acetabulum different in life?
It is further deepened by a band of cartilage called the acetabular lip
The lip continues across the acetabilar notch as the transvverse acetabular ligament
What is the hip joint movement
- greater range of movement than shoulder joint BUT much mroe stable
- Capacious joint capsule with 2 ligaments
Acetabular socket - what ligaments are in it?
- Acetabular lip - band of fibrocartilage that runs around edge of acetabulum to further deepen acetabulum (soft tissue structure)
- Lig of the head of femur - runs from head of femur from small non articular patch 0 the fovea. Inserts into acetabular fossa.
- Transverse acetabular ligament - short strong lig runs across acetabular notch and completes circular rim of acetabulum
Stifle Joint
- what type of joint
- What articulates with what to form it?
Also known as femerotibial joint
- Complex condylar synovial joint
- Condyles of the femur articulating with condyles of tibia
How does the patella articulate in the stifle joint?
- articulates with the trochlear of femur
2. Patella ligament joins P to the tibia this means movement of the femerotibial joint moves patella
Which is the largest joint capsule of the body?
- the joint capsule of the femeropatellar part and femerotibial part is CONTINUOUS
Fabellae of the hind limb stifle joint facts
- 2 develop in the tendons of origin of the 2 heads of the gastrocnemius
- one develops in the tendon of origin of the popliteus
- These 3 fabellae are absent in ox and horse
What is the name of the fat pad distal to patella?
INFRAPATELLAR fat pad
Where does the patella lie normally
Trochlear groove, at distal end of femur
Patella luxation
what?
Cause?
Surgical repair?
Where the patella moves out of trochlea groove, preventing normal motion of hindlimb
Can move medially or laterally
3. Cause- often too shallow groove
4. Surgical repair - deepening trochlear groove
What are menisci?
- 2 semilunar discs of fibrocartilage that lie between femoral and tibial condyles
- one laterally one medially
- shape = thick around edge, thin in middle
List the tendons and ligs of the stifle
- Patellar ligament
- 2 X Cruciate lig
- Medial collateral lig
- LAteral collateral lig
- Meniscal ligaments
- Intermeniscal ligaments
- Femeropatellar ligaments
- Tendon of origin of long digital extensor
Patellar ligament
Stifle joint 1. Continuous with tendon of insertion of quadriceps, 2.crosses the stifle joint and inserts on the tibia. 3. The patella is the sesamoid associated with the patellar ligament – that is it acts as a bony reinforcemt at the area of the tendon with the most wear and tear – the bit where it moves over the stifle joint
Cruciate ligament
2 of them Stifle joint 1. They cross over one another 2. cranial cruciate, runs from the medial part of the lateral condyle of the femur to the intercondylar fossa on the cranial tibia 3. caudal cruciate, runs proximally within the intercondylar fossa of the femur to and distally it attached to the medial edge of the popliteal notch of the tibia.
Which cruciate ligament is more likely to rupture?
cranial cruciate because the caudal one is
thicker and longer and this may make it less
susceptible to damage
what is Cranial cruciate rupture caused by?
hyperflexion of the joint – cranial drawer of the
tibia with respect to the femur is evidence of a
ruptured cranial cruciate
Medial and lateral collateral ligaments locations
1. Lateral runs from lateral epicondyle of femur to the head of the fibula 2. Medial runs from medial epicondyle to the medial tibia.
Tibiofibular joints
- proximal tibiofibular joint - shares joint capsule with stifle joint
- Distal tibiofibular joint
- both v small
Tarsus joint
Also known as hock joint
Which joint permits most movement in tarsus region?
What is significant about this joint?
- Tarsocrural joint permits most movement.
- It is here also that the foot deviates
laterally slightly to allow the hind paws to
move past the forepaws at full gallop.
Tarsus bones
Same as carpus Dog/ Cat: P 3 D4 Horse: P4 D3 Pig: 4 adn 4 ruminant: P4 D 3
What nerves supply the hindlimb
The lumbosacral plexus
(last 3 lumbar nerves, first 2 sacral)
DOG: L5, L6, L7, S1, S2
Name the nerves leave the lumbosacral plexus ventrally
- Gluteals (motor)
- Obturator (motor) GAPE muscles
- Femoral (Motor and sensory
- Sciatic just above stifle joint, divides into:
- Tibial
- Fibular/ peroneal
Where does the blood supply follow?
The flexor surfaces
Name the artery blood supply as it goes down.
1. External iliac artery – Leaves aorta – Becomes: 2. Femoral artery: – Gives off Saphenous A superficial supply to paw Femoral artery becomes: 3. Popliteal artery: – Becomes: 4. Cranial tibial artery: – Provides deep supply to paw
