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Hindlimb > Joints of the hindlimb > Flashcards

Joints of the hindlimb Flashcards

1
Q

List the joints in the HL

A
  1. Sacroiliac joint
  2. The hip joint
  3. Stifle joint
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2
Q

Location of sacroiliac joint

A
  1. Between the lateral sacrum adn medial aspect of the wings of the ilium
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3
Q

Type of joint, and movement

A
  1. Partly cartilaginous, partly synovial so a small joint capsule present
  2. Capable of v little movement
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4
Q

The sacroiliac ligaments

A
  1. short strong ligaments run from sacrum to ilium, covering sacroiliac joint
  2. Dorsal sacroiliac joint lig runs dorsally
  3. Ventral sacroiliac joint runs ventrally
  4. Sacrotuberous lig - v strong fibrous cord running from caudal dorsal sacrum and first coccygeal vertebrae to ischiatic tuberosity
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5
Q

What muscles originate partly or wholly from the sacrotuberous lig?

A

biceps femoris,
superficial gluteal,
piriformis and
tenuissimus.

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6
Q

The hip joint formed by..

A

formed by the head of the femur articulating with acetabulum of pelvis

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7
Q

How is the acetabulum different in life?

A

It is further deepened by a band of cartilage called the acetabular lip
The lip continues across the acetabilar notch as the transvverse acetabular ligament

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8
Q

What is the hip joint movement

A
  1. greater range of movement than shoulder joint BUT much mroe stable
  2. Capacious joint capsule with 2 ligaments
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9
Q

Acetabular socket - what ligaments are in it?

A
  1. Acetabular lip - band of fibrocartilage that runs around edge of acetabulum to further deepen acetabulum (soft tissue structure)
  2. Lig of the head of femur - runs from head of femur from small non articular patch 0 the fovea. Inserts into acetabular fossa.
  3. Transverse acetabular ligament - short strong lig runs across acetabular notch and completes circular rim of acetabulum
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10
Q

Stifle Joint

  1. what type of joint
  2. What articulates with what to form it?
A

Also known as femerotibial joint

  1. Complex condylar synovial joint
  2. Condyles of the femur articulating with condyles of tibia
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11
Q

How does the patella articulate in the stifle joint?

A
  1. articulates with the trochlear of femur

2. Patella ligament joins P to the tibia this means movement of the femerotibial joint moves patella

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12
Q

Which is the largest joint capsule of the body?

A
  1. the joint capsule of the femeropatellar part and femerotibial part is CONTINUOUS
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13
Q

Fabellae of the hind limb stifle joint facts

A
  1. 2 develop in the tendons of origin of the 2 heads of the gastrocnemius
  2. one develops in the tendon of origin of the popliteus
  3. These 3 fabellae are absent in ox and horse
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14
Q

What is the name of the fat pad distal to patella?

A

INFRAPATELLAR fat pad

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15
Q

Where does the patella lie normally

A

Trochlear groove, at distal end of femur

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16
Q

Patella luxation
what?
Cause?
Surgical repair?

A

Where the patella moves out of trochlea groove, preventing normal motion of hindlimb
Can move medially or laterally
3. Cause- often too shallow groove
4. Surgical repair - deepening trochlear groove

17
Q

What are menisci?

A
  1. 2 semilunar discs of fibrocartilage that lie between femoral and tibial condyles
  2. one laterally one medially
  3. shape = thick around edge, thin in middle
18
Q

List the tendons and ligs of the stifle

A
  1. Patellar ligament
  2. 2 X Cruciate lig
  3. Medial collateral lig
  4. LAteral collateral lig
  5. Meniscal ligaments
  6. Intermeniscal ligaments
  7. Femeropatellar ligaments
  8. Tendon of origin of long digital extensor
19
Q

Patellar ligament

A 
Stifle joint
1. Continuous with tendon of
insertion of quadriceps, 
2.crosses the
stifle joint and inserts on the tibia.
3. The patella is the sesamoid
associated with the patellar ligament
– that is it acts as a bony reinforcemt
at the area of the tendon with the
most wear and tear – the bit where it
moves over the stifle joint
20
Q

Cruciate ligament

A 
2 of them
Stifle joint
1. They cross over one another
2. cranial cruciate, runs from
the medial part of the lateral condyle
of the femur to the intercondylar fossa
on the cranial tibia
3. caudal cruciate, runs
proximally within the intercondylar
fossa of the femur to and
distally it attached to the medial edge
of the popliteal notch of the tibia.
21
Q

Which cruciate ligament is more likely to rupture?

A

cranial cruciate because the caudal one is
thicker and longer and this may make it less
susceptible to damage

22
Q

what is Cranial cruciate rupture caused by?

A

hyperflexion of the joint – cranial drawer of the
tibia with respect to the femur is evidence of a
ruptured cranial cruciate

23
Q

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments locations

A 
1. Lateral runs from lateral
epicondyle of femur to the head
of the fibula
2.  Medial runs from medial
epicondyle to the medial tibia.
24
Q

Tibiofibular joints

A
  1. proximal tibiofibular joint - shares joint capsule with stifle joint
  2. Distal tibiofibular joint
  3. both v small
25
Q

Tarsus joint

A

Also known as hock joint

26
Q

Which joint permits most movement in tarsus region?

What is significant about this joint?

A
  1. Tarsocrural joint permits most movement.
  2. It is here also that the foot deviates
    laterally slightly to allow the hind paws to
    move past the forepaws at full gallop.
27
Q

Tarsus bones

A 
Same as carpus
Dog/ Cat: P 3 D4
Horse: P4 D3
Pig: 4 adn 4
ruminant: P4 D 3
28
Q

What nerves supply the hindlimb

A

The lumbosacral plexus
(last 3 lumbar nerves, first 2 sacral)
DOG: L5, L6, L7, S1, S2

29
Q

Name the nerves leave the lumbosacral plexus ventrally

A
  1. Gluteals (motor)
  2. Obturator (motor) GAPE muscles
  3. Femoral (Motor and sensory
  4. Sciatic just above stifle joint, divides into:
    - Tibial
    - Fibular/ peroneal
30
Q

Where does the blood supply follow?

A

The flexor surfaces

31
Q

Name the artery blood supply as it goes down.

A 
1. External iliac artery
– Leaves aorta
– Becomes:
2. Femoral artery:
– Gives off Saphenous A
superficial supply to paw
Femoral artery becomes:
3. Popliteal artery:
– Becomes:
4. Cranial tibial artery:
– Provides deep supply to
paw

Hindlimb (4 decks)

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