Joints of the Body

Question 1

kinesiology

Answer 1

the multidisciplinary study of physical activity or movement

Question 2

articular system

Answer 2

a series of joints that allow movement if the human body

Question 3

joint articulation

Answer 3

the connecting point of two bones

Question 4

two main functions of joints

Answer 4

1. allow motion
2. provide stability

Question 5

three classifications of joints

Answer 5

1. synarthroses
2. amphiarthroses
3. diarthroses

Question 6

synarthroses joints

Answer 6

-bones that are held together by fibrous connective tissue
-immovable

Question 7

3 types of synarthroses joints

Answer 7

1. sutures
2. syndesmoses
3. gomphoses

Question 8

sutures

Answer 8

-joint in which the bones are united by a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue
-fuse completely by adulthood
-ex. skull

Question 9

syndesmoses

Answer 9

-joint in which the bones are connected by ligaments between the bones
-ex. fib + tib and ulna + radius

Question 10

gomphosis

Answer 10

-joint in which a conical process fits into a socket and its held in place by ligaments
-ex. tooth in socket (predonatal lig)

Question 11

amphiarthroses joints

Answer 11

-bones that are connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
-slightly movable

Question 12

fibrocartilage

Answer 12

specialized connective tissue with thick collagen fibers

Question 13

3 types of amphiarthroses joints

Answer 13

1. costochondral + sternocostal
2. symphysis pubis
3. intervertebral joints

Question 14

costochondral + sternocostal joints

Answer 14

connections of ribs to the sternum

Question 15

symphysis pubis

Answer 15

connection of the right and left illium

Question 16

intervertebral joints

Answer 16

joints between the vertebral bodies

Question 17

diarthroses/synovial joints

Answer 17

-most joints in the body are this type
-freely movable

Question 18

6 types of diarthroses/synovial joints

Answer 18

1. pivot joint
2. gliding joint
3. hinge joint
4. condyloid or ellipsoidal joint
5. ball and socket joint
6. saddle joint

Question 19

what makes a diarthroses/ synovial joint

Answer 19

-ends of opposing bones are covered with articular cartilage
-seperated by space called joint cavity
-components of joint are enclosed in a dense fibrous joint capsule
-outer layer of the capsule consists of the ligaments that hold the bones together
-inner layer is the synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

Question 20

articular cartilage

Answer 20

connective tissue covering the ends of long bones

Question 21

pivot joint

Answer 21

-freely movable
-bone moves around a central axis
-creates rotational movement
-ex. radius and ulna

Question 22

glide (plane) joint

Answer 22

-bones make a sliding motion
-movements can be back and forth or side to side
-ex. carpals in the wrist and tarsals in ankle

Question 23

ellipsoidal or condyloid joint

Answer 23

-formed when bones move about each other in many directions but can not rotate
-condyle-containing bone
-ex. metacarpals and phalanges

Question 24

condyle

Answer 24

curved process that fits into a fossa on another bone for its articulation

Question 25

saddle joint

Answer 25

-formed when two bones have both concave and convex regions -shapes of bones will complement each other -allows wide range of motion -ex. only in thumb

Question 26

hinge joint

Answer 26

-convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of the second bone -allows only extension and flexion -ex. knee, elbow, and phalanges

Question 27

ball and socket joint

Answer 27

-one bone has a rounded end that fits into a concave cavity on another bone -provides widest range of motion -ex. hips and shoulders

Question 28

since diarthroses / synovial joints are freely moveable....

Answer 28

they must be stabilized so that they do not dislocate

Question 29

3 vfactors influenceing stability of diarthroses and synovial joints

Answer 29

1. shape of articular surfaces 2. number and position of ligaments 3. muscle tone

Question 30

stable articular surface

Answer 30

-large and match together -deep socket

Question 31

unstable articular surface

Answer 31

-mismatch of articular surfaces -shallow sockets

Question 32

stable positioning of ligaments

Answer 32

-capsules and ligaments of synovial joints unite the bones and prevent excessive or undesirable motion -the more ligaments a joint has the stronger

Question 33

unstable positioning of ligaments

Answer 33

-if stabilizing factors are inadequate, pressure can be placed on ligaments -if ligaments are only means of support

Question 34

stable muscle tone

Answer 34

-muscle tendons that cross the joint are the most stablitizing factor for most joints -tone of muscle determines how taut the tendon will be

Question 35

unstable muscle tone

Answer 35

-inappropriate muscle tone -shoulder, knee, and foot rely on muscle tone for stability

Question 36

atlantoaxial joint

Answer 36

atlas and axis

Question 37

glenohumeral

Answer 37

scapular (glenoid) and humerous

Question 38

scapulothroacic

Answer 38

scapula and ribs

Question 39

humeroulnar

Answer 39

humerous and ulna

Question 40

radioulnar

Answer 40

radius and ulna

Question 41

radiocarpal

Answer 41

radius and carpals

Question 42

1sr carpometacarpal

Answer 42

carpals and metacarpals

Question 43

metacarpalphalanx

Answer 43

metacarpals and phalanges

Question 44

acetabulofemoral joint

Answer 44

acetabulum femoral head

Question 45

tibiofemoral

Answer 45

tibia and femur

Question 46

talocrural

Answer 46

talus and tib and fib

Question 47

lumbar facet

Answer 47

-facet joints in each vertebra