Joints and Muscles Flashcards
What is a joint?
When one bone connects to another, enabling animals to move.
What are the 3 main joint groups?
Fibrous, Cartilaginous and Synovial
Where do cartilaginous joints sit?
Between the ends of bones, a pad of cartilage rests in order to allow slight movement when compressed.
What is the texture of cartilage?
Tough and flexible
What are the 3 types of cartilage and where are they found?
- Hyaline: Found in the trachea and cartilage of ribs
-Elastic Cartilage: Found in outer ear and Larynx
-Fibrocartilage: Disks that form between the vertebrae of the spine.
What is a synovial joint?
A freely moveable joint. i.e. stifle(knee) or the shoulder
What are the 6 kinds of Synovial joint?
Hinge, Pivot, Ball and socket, Gliding, Condyloid and Saddle
What are fibrous joints?
Bones in these joints are firmly fixed together, so no movement is possible. Examples include the joints between the teeth and jawbone, and even the sutures uniting the skull.
How do Hinge joints work?
Like a hinge with movement in one plane, e.g. the elbow and the knee joints
What are pivot joints?
A joint where one bone pivots in another, and the only movement is rotation found in-between the first two vertebrae, allowing the shaking of the head.
What are Ball and Socket Joints?
Allow the greatest range of movement including flexion, extension and rotation. For example, shoulder and hip joints.
What are gliding joints?
Where one bone rocks against the other, movement is usually only in one plane with a small amount of twisting. E.g. Wrist, Ankle and Sternum. These are usually held together by ligaments.
What are Condyloid Joints?
A type of joint that allows angular movement along 2 axes, as seen in the joints of the wrist and fingers which can move both side to side and up and down.
What are saddle joints?
The ends of each bone resembles a ‘saddle’, with concave and convex portions fitting together. These allow angular movement similar to condyloid, but with greater range of motion. An example of a safely joint is the thumb joint, which can move back, forth, up, down etc. but more freely.
What are tendons?
Tendons attach muscle to bone, and their function is to harness pull from muscle contraction to bring about movement
