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Lower Limb Anatomy + Intrinsic Back Muscles > Joints and Ligaments > Flashcards

Joints and Ligaments Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of the Foot Ligaments

A

Each Malleolus (Medial or Lateral)

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2
Q

How many ligaments does the Deltoid Ligament consist of? Is it Medial or Lateral?

A

4 Ligaments

Medial Attachments

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3
Q

Where do the Deltoid Ligaments Attach to?

A

Talus (Anterior and Posterior)
Calcaneus
Navicular
All part of the Tarsal Group of Bones)

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4
Q

Primary action of the Medial group?

A

Resist Over-Eversion of the Foot

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5
Q

Where does the Lateral Ligament(s) Originate

A

Lateral Malleolus

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6
Q

How many Lateral Ligaments are there of the Ankle? What are they called? Where do they attach?

A

Anterior talofibular - Lateral Aspect of the Talus
Posterior talofibular - Posterior Aspect of the Talus
Calcaneofibular - Calcaneus

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7
Q

Primary action of the Lateral group?

A

Resist Over-Inversion of the Foot

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8
Q

The Ankle Joint is formed by Articulations of which Bones?

A

Talus, Fibula and Tibia

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9
Q

What type of Joint is the Ankle?

A

Synovial Hinge Type Joint

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10
Q

What type of Joint is the Knee?

A

Synovial Hinge Type Joint

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11
Q

What type of Joint is the Hip?

A

Synovial Ball and Socket Type Joint

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12
Q

The Knee Joint is formed by Articulations of which Bones?

A

Patella, Femur and Tibia.

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13
Q

What are the Two Articulating Surfaces of the Knee and which is Weight Bearing?

A

Tibiofemoral – The Medial and Lateral Condyles of the Femur articulating with the Tibia.
Patellofemoral – The Anterior and Distal Part of the Femur Articulating with the Patella.

The Tibiofemoral Joint is the Weightbearing Joint of the Knee.

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14
Q

What Type of Structures are the Menisci? What Shape are They?

A

Fibrocartilage

C-shaped

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15
Q

What Purpose do the Menisci Serve?

A

To Deepen the Articular Surface of the Tibia, thus Increasing Stability of the Joint.
To Act as Shock Absorbers

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16
Q

Where are the Menisci Attached?

A

Attached at Both Ends to the Intercondylar Area of the the Tibia.
The Medial Menisci is also Attached to the Tibial (Medial) Collateral Ligament and the Joint Capsule.

17
Q

What is a Bursa? What is their Purpose?

A

Synovial Fluid Filled Sac, found between Moving Structures in a joint – with the Aim of Reducing Wear and TEar on those Structures

18
Q

How many Bursae are present in the Patella Region?

A

4 - Suprapatella bursa
Prepatella bursa
Infrapatella bursa
Semimembranosus bursa

19
Q

Where are the Bursae Located?

A

Suprapatella bursa – This is an Extension of the Synovial Cavity of the Knee, located between the Quadriceps Femoris and the Femur.
Prepatella bursa – Found between the Apex of the Patella and the Skin.
Infrapatella bursa – Split into Deep and Superficial. The Deep bursa lies between the Tibia and the Patella Ligament. The Superficial lies between the Patella Ligament and the Skin.
Semimembranosus bursa – Located Posteriorly in the Knee joint, between the Semimembranosus Muscle and the Medial Head of the Gastrocnemius.

20
Q

How many Ligaments are associated with the Knee?

A 
5 - Patellar ligament
Collateral ligaments (Tibial and Fibular)
Cruciate ligaments (Anterior and Posterior)
21
Q

Name the Attachments of the Patellar Ligament

A

A continuation of the Quadriceps Femoris Tendon Distal to the Patella. It Attaches to the Tibial Tuberosity.

22
Q

Name the Attachments of the Tibial (Medial) Collateral Ligament

A

Proximally, it Attaches to the Medial Epicondyle of the Femur.
Distally it Attaches to the Medial Surface of the Tibia

23
Q

Name the Attachments of the Fibular (Lateral) Collateral Ligament

A

Proximally to the Lateral Epicondyle of the Femur.

Distally it Attaches to a Depression on the Lateral Surface of the Fibular Head

24
Q

Name the Attachments of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

Anterior Intercondylar Region of the Tibia and Ascends Posteriorly to Attach to the Femur, in the Intercondylar Fossa

25
Q

Name the Attachments of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A

Posterior Intercondylar Region of the Tibia, and Ascends Anteriorly to Attach to the Femur in the Intercondylar Fossa

26
Q

What do the Collateral Ligaments do?

A

Stablise the Hinge Motion of the Knee, Restricting any Medial or Lateral Movement

27
Q

Function of the ACL?

A

Prevents Anterior Dislocation of the Tibia onto the Femur

28
Q

Function of the PCL?

A

Prevents Posterior Dislocation of the Tibia onto the Femur

29
Q

How would you Test for Collateral Ligament Damage?

A

Ask the patient to Medially Rotate and Laterally Rotate the Leg. Pain on Medial Rotation indicates Damage to the Medial Ligament and vice versa.
(Most Common Knee Pathology)

30
Q

What is damage to the Tibial Collateral Ligament also likely to Cause?

A

Due to the Attachment to the Medial Menisci Damage to One is likely to Tear the other.

31
Q

What is the Anterior Draw Test?

A

With the Patient’s Knee Flexed attempt to pull the Tibia Forwards. If there is movement the ACL is torn.

32
Q

What is the Posterior Draw Test?

A

With the Patient’s Knee Flexed attempt to push the Tibia Posteriorly. If there is movement the PCL is torn.

33
Q

What is the Unhappy Triad?

A

Damage to the Tibial Collateral, Medial Menisci and ACL.

A lateral force to an extended knee, such as a rugby tackle, can rupture the medial collateral ligament, damaging the medial meniscus in the process. The ACL is also affected, which completes the ‘unhappy triad’.

34
Q

Which bones form the Hip Joint?

A

Acetabulum of the Pelvis and the Femur

35
Q

What is the Intracapsular Ligament of the Hip Joint?

A

Ligament of the Head of Femur. It runs from the Acetabular Fossa to the Fovea of the Femur.
It encloses a branch of the oburator artery.

36
Q

How many Extracapsular Ligaments of the Hip Joint are there?

A

3 - Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

37
Q

What are the Attachment of the Iliofemoral Ligament? What is its Function?

A

Located Anteriorly. It Originates from the Ilium, Immediately Inferior to the Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine. It Attaches to the Intertrochanteric Line in Two Places, giving the Ligament a Y Shaped Appearance
Prevents Hyperextension of the Hip Joint

38
Q

What are the Attachment of the Pubofemoral Ligament? What is its Function?

A

Located Anteriorly and Inferiorly. It Attaches at the Pelvis to the Iliopubic Eminance and Obturator Membrane, and then Blends with the Articular Capsule.
Prevents Excessive Abduction and Extension.

39
Q

What are the Attachment of the Ischiofemoral Ligament? What is its Function?

A

Located Posteriorly. It Originates from the Ischium of the Pelvis and Attaches to the Greater Trochanter of the Femur.
Prevents Excessive Extension of the Femur at the Hip Joint.

Lower Limb Anatomy + Intrinsic Back Muscles (13 decks)

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