Joints And Ligaments

Question 1

Myosotis ossificans

Answer 1

• idiopathic non-neoplasticism form of heterotrophic ossification of fibrous CT and muscle that frequently affects tissues near the hip joint in Dobermans
• results in mineralisation witihin muscle possibly producing discomfort and lameness
• if lesion is severe and results in fibrosis or contracture of the muscle, partial tenectomy may be indicated

Question 2

Myositis ossificans diagnosis

Answer 2

X-ray can identify mineralisation in the tendon
CT, US and MRI are helpful for identifying early and subtle lesions

Question 3

Therapy for myositis ossificans

Answer 3

Rest, NSAIDs, physiotherapist, PRP

Question 4

Illiopsoas strain

Answer 4

• muscle treads are a relatively common yet infrequently diagnosed injury in dogs
• function: flexión and external rotation of the hip
• cause: trauma,a repetitive use
• significant lameness: unilateral/bilateral
• painful on palpation

Question 5

Diagnosis of illiopsoas strain

Answer 5

X-ray can identify mineralisation in the tendon, CT, US and MRI are helpful for identifying early and subtle lesions

Question 6

Muscle-tendon unit laceration

Answer 6

• rupture is complete or partial caused by extreme overstretching
• caused by powerful contraction during forced hyper extension of the muscle-tendon unit
• lacerations involving a tendon should have surgery
• therapy: cryotherapy and pulse ultrasound

Question 7

Quadriceps tendon injury

Answer 7

• from trauma or overloading tendon with contracture force
• diagnosis: problem weight beariang, uneasy ambulating, unable to extend knee, X-ray
• therapy: surgical reconstruction ASAP, banding with splints or ESF, PRP, physical therapy

Question 8

Avulsion of tibial tuberosity

Answer 8

• young dogs
• ligament usually stronger than bone, causing ligament to avulse a fragment of bone at its interaction
• diagnosis = x-ray
• therapy = surgical repair

Question 9

Quariceps tie-down syndrome (stiff stifle disease)

Answer 9

• serious thickening and tightening of quadriceps develop after improperly performed surgical operations on young dogs to repair femur fractures
• extension and disuse of the limb, porous and easily broken bones, osteoarthritis and bone and joint deformations

Question 10

Stiff stifle disease diagnosis

Answer 10

Affected limb is overextended and often displaced, X-ray

Question 11

Stiff stifle disease therapy

Answer 11

Surgery to remove fibrous tissue to restore motion in stifle joint, reconstruction of bone and soft tissue should be followed by application of bandages that restrict mobility of the joint

Question 12

Prognosis of stiff stifle disease

Answer 12

For recovery is guarded

Question 13

Achillles tendon disruption

Answer 13

• fully grown and athletic dogs
• result of trauma

Question 14

Signs of Achilles tendon

Answer 14

Severe lameness, non-weight bearing, swelling, pain

Question 15

Diagnosis of Achilles tendon

Answer 15

X-ray

Question 16

Therapy of Achilles tendon

Answer 16

Surgery to repair torn ends and reattach tendon to bone
External splints
- if surgery is delayed, tendons ends will retract
- 6 week immobilisation, PRP

Question 17

Superficial digital flexor tendon luxación

Answer 17

• tear to the tendon will be dislocated off the calcaneus
• signs: patient will be lame on affected limb
• therapy = surgery

Question 18

Collateral ligament rupture

Answer 18

• ligament injuries that over stress the structure and damage the fibres = sprain
• minor (1o), more severe with stretching and rupture of ligament fibres (2o), tearing or avulsio of the liagemtn (3o)
• only 3 and some 2 injuries require surgical therapy
• damage to collateral ligaments occur relatively infrequently