Joints and Articulations

Question 1

What are the characteristics of fibrous (fixed) joints?

Answer 1

Very stable
No observable movement
Bones often strong fibres called sutures
Sutures are found in the cranium

Question 2

What are sutures?

Answer 2

Points of fibrous joints where different bones bind together

Question 3

What are the characteristics of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 3

Joined by a tough fibrous cartilage

Small amount of movement available

Question 4

What is the function of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 4

Provides stability and absorbs shock

Question 5

What are the characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 5

Allow wide range of movement

Enclosed in fibrous capsule which is lined with a synovial membrane

Question 6

Describe a synovial joints biological make up

Answer 6

Enclosed in a fibrous joint capsule that is lined with a synovial membrane
Lubricated with synovial fluid which is secreted by the synovial membrane
Lined with articulate cartilage
Supported by ligaments
Knee joints - pads of fat to absorb shock

Question 7

Describe the movement of a hinge joint

Answer 7

Uniaxial, allows movement in only one plane

Strong ligaments to avoid sideways movement

Question 8

Describe the movement of a pivot joint

Answer 8

Uniaxial, only allows rotation

Question 9

Describe an ellipsoid joint

Answer 9

Biaxial, allows movement in two planes
Back and forth
Side to side

Question 10

Describe a gliding joint

Answer 10

Flat surfaces gliding past each other

They permit movement in all directions

Question 11

Describe a Saddle joint

Answer 11

Biaxial

Question 12

Where do biaxial joints occur?

Answer 12

Where concave and convex surfaces meet e.g. The thumb

Question 13

Describe a ball and socket joint

Answer 13

Widest range of movement

Occurs at a round headed bone into a cup-shaped cavity

Question 14

Define movement patterns

Answer 14

Action occurring at articulating joints

Question 15

Describe flexing

Answer 15

Angle between limbs decreases and the agonist conectrically contracts

Question 16

Define extension

Answer 16

When the angle of articulating bones is increased

Question 17

Define abduction

Answer 17

The movement of a body part away from the midline of the body or a body part

Question 18

Define adduction

Answer 18

Movement towards the midline of the body or body part

Question 19

Define circumduction

Answer 19

When a circle can be described by a body part. It’s is a combination of flex ion, extension, abduction and adduction.

Question 20

Define pronation

Answer 20

A form of rotation where the palm of the hand turns to face downward.

Question 21

Define supination

Answer 21

When the palm of the hand turns from facing down to facing up

Question 22

Define horizontal abduction/adduction

Answer 22

Movement of arm across the body

Question 23

Define rotation

Answer 23

When the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint

Question 24

What type of rotation is towards the body

Answer 24

Medial

Question 25

What type of rotation is away from the body?

Answer 25

Lateral rotation

Question 26

Describe plantar fkexion

Answer 26

Occurs at the ankle joint and is typified by the pointing of the toes

Question 27

Describe dorsi flexion

Answer 27

Occurs at the ankle joint and takes place when the foot is raised upwards towards the tibia