Joints and Arthrokitematics

Question 1

What is a synarthrosis joint?

Answer 1

• An immovable joint
• Fibrous
• Allows from extremely little movement or no movement at all
• Gives some shock absorption

Question 2

What is an amphiarthrosis joint?

Answer 2

• A slightly moveable joint
• Still gives stability

Question 3

What is a synovial / diarthrosis joint?

Answer 3

• A freely moving joint with light limitations
• Have articular cartilage
• Involve a synovial capsule and synovial membrane

Question 4

What is a nonaxial joint?

Answer 4

• A type of synovial joint
• Plane joints

Question 5

What is a uniaxial joint?

Answer 5

• A type of synovial joint
• Moves only in one plane of movement

Question 6

What is a degree of freedom?

Answer 6

The number of planes of motion that a joint can move

Question 7

What is a biaxial joint?

Answer 7

A joint with 2 planes of motion

Question 8

What is a triaxial joint?

Answer 8

• A joint with 3 planes of motion
• More mobile and less stable

Question 9

What is joint stability?

Answer 9

The ability for joints to resist dislocation

Question 10

What provides stability to joints (besides bones)?

Answer 10

• Ligaments (bone to bone)
• Tendons (muscle to bone)
• Muscles

Question 11

What is congruency?

Answer 11

• The idea that the more that the joint surfaces match each other, the more stable the joint will be
• Also, the more surface area contact that there is between bones of a joint, the more stable it will be

Question 12

Which joints have a closed-pack position and which have an open-packed position?

Answer 12

All joints have both positions

Question 13

What is a closed-pack position?

Answer 13

• The most stable placement of a joint
• The place in the range of motion where there is the greatest congruency
• The ligament capsule is tight
• There is little joint play or movement

Question 14

What is joint-play?

Answer 14

Ability for joints to move away from one another

Question 15

What is an open-packed position?

Answer 15

• The least stable position for a joint’s range of motion
• Incongruent; least amount of surface area contact
• The joint is in a loose packed or resting position
• The ligaments and the capsule are lax

Question 16

What position (open-packed or closed-packed) is typically when dislocations happen?

Answer 16

Open-packed

Question 17

When rehabbing, is it best to keep the joint in an open or closed packed position? Why?

Answer 17

• Closed-pack
• Keeps the joint tighter for less swelling to occur in between the joint

Question 18

T/F: The joint’s structure dictates the function.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F: We often have two mobile joints next to each other.

Answer 19

• False
• We rarely do

Question 20

What is arthrokinematics?

Answer 20

• The movement of the joints
• How the joint SURFACES move in relation to each other
• We usually can’t see this occurring
• This isn’t under voluntary control

Question 21

What is osteokinematics?

Answer 21

• This is how the SHAFT of the bones move
• What we can see (flexion, extension, etc.)
• Under voluntary control

Question 22

What are the three types of arthrokinematics?

Answer 22

• Roll
• Glide / slide
• Spin

Question 23

What is roll in arthrokinematics?

Answer 23

When as the joint moves, each contact between the two bones is new

Question 24

What is glide / slide in arthrokinematics?

Answer 24

• Where one point of surface A contacts many points of surface B
• Often related to roll
• If this doesn’t happen, our joints will separate

Question 25

What is spin in arthrokinematics?

Answer 25

Where only one portion of surface A meets with surface B

Question 26

What is the convex-concave rule?

Answer 26

• If a concave bone is moving upon a fixed convex: the roll and glide are in the SAME direction
• If a convex bone is moving upon a fixed concave surface: the roll and glide are in OPPOSITE directions