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Wrist > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Classify the radiocarpal (wrist) joint

A

Synovial ellipsoid

Bi-axial - capable of 2 degrees of freedom

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2
Q

State the proximal and distal components of the articular surfaces of radiocarpal joint

A

Prox- Inferior surface of distal radius, articular disc inferior to distal ulna.
Distal - proximal scaphoid, lunate and triquetral

Together, the articular surfaces of the carpals form an oval shape with a convex contour, which articulates with the corresponding concave surface of the radius and TFCC

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

Give attachments of radiocarpal joint capsule

A

Fibrous layer attaches:
proximally - to distal margins of radius & ulna anteriorly & posteriorly; radial & ulnar styloid processes medial & laterally

Distally - anterior & posterior margins of proximal row of carpal bones

Synovial membrane lines all non-articular surfaces - secreting synovial fluid which lubricates the joint

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4
Q

Name ligaments supporting radiocarpal joint

A
  • Dorsal/palmar radio-carpal

* Radial/ulnar collateral

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5
Q

Give the attachments of the radial and ulna collateral ligaments

A

Radial - Radial styloid process to the scaphoid and trapezium
Ulna- Ulna styloid process to pisiform and triquetral

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6
Q

Name the joints that produces wrist movement

A

Midcarpal joint

Radiocarpal joint

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7
Q

Classify midcarpal joint

A

Synovial complex saddle joint

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8
Q

Briefly describe articular surfaces of midcarpal joint

A

Between the proximal & distal rows of carpal bones

Laterally - scaphoid articulates with the trapezium and trapezoid

Centrally - scaphoid articulates with the trapezium and trapezoid

Medially - lunate and triquetrum articulates with hamate

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

State joint capsule attachments of midcarpal joint

A

Irregular bands of fibres (palmar/dorsal intercarpal ligts) between rows of carpal bones
Synovial membrane lines all non-articular surfaces

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10
Q

Give ligaments supporting midcarpal joint

A

Intercarpal-palmar/dorsal

Radial/ulnar collateral
Radial collateral ligt - supports more as radius articulates directly with carpal bones

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11
Q

Classify the 1st carpometacarpal joint

A

Synovial saddle (biaxial), cabals of 2 degrees of freedom

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12
Q

State the articular surfaces of the 1st carpometacarpal joint

A

Articular surface of trapezium is concave in a sagittal plane and convex in a transverse plane

Base of the first metacarpal is reciprocally curved

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

Identify the Movements of the Thumb

A

Flexion /extension - frontal plane about Sagittal axis

Abduction/Adduction - Sagittal plane about frontal axis

(Combined)Opposition - multiplanar, multiaxial

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14
Q

Classify carpometacarpal joints 2-5

A

synovial plane joints

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15
Q

State articular surfaces of carpometacarpal joints 2-5

A

CMC joint 2: Distal surfaces of trapezium, trapezoid and capitate with base of metacarpal 2

CMC joint 3: Distal surface of capitate with base of metacarpal 3

CMC joint 4: Distal surfaces of capitate and hamate with base of metacarpal 4

CMC joint 5: Distal surface of hamate with base of metacarpal 5

Articular surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

Give attachments of common carpometacarpal joint capsule

A

Extends between distal carpal row bones and bases of 4 medial MCs
Distally joint space extends between MC bases
Synovial membrane lines all non-articular surfaces

17
Q

Give attachments of carpometacarpal joint 1 capsule

A

Enclosed by a loose fibrous capsule
Attaches to the margins of the articular surfaces
Thickened laterally by the radial carpometacarpal ligament and medially by anterior and posterior oblique ligaments

synovial membrane lines all non-articular surfaces

18
Q

State ligaments that support carpometacarpal joint 1

A

Radial carpometacarpal (CMC) ligament

Anterior and posterior oblique ligaments

19
Q

State attachments of radial CMC ligament

A

attaches between the lateral (radial) sides of the trapezium and the base of the first metacarpal bone.

20
Q

Give attachments and function of anterior & posterior oblique ligaments

A

Originate from the anterior and posterior surfaces of trapezium, respectively.

They both take an oblique medial course and attach to the medial side of the first metacarpal bone

Anterior - taut in extension
Posterior - taut in flexion

21
Q

Classify intercarpal joint

A

Synovial plane joints; biaxial - capable of 2o of freedom

22
Q

State articular surfaces of intercarpal joints

A

Between individual carpal bones

23
Q

State ligaments supporting intercarpal joints

A

Dorsal and palmar intercarpal - between 2 rows of carpal bones
bound within joint capsule
More palmar intercarpal ligts than dorsal intercarpal ligts

Interosseous intercarpal - between adjacent carpal bones
intracapsular

24
Q

Classify metacarpophalangeal joints

A

Synovial ellipsoid

Biaxial - capable of 2o of freedom

25
Q

State articular surfaces of metacarpophalangeal joints

A

Convex heads of the metacarpal bones which are received by the concave bases of the proximal phalanges of corresponding digits

Covered in hyaline cartilage

26
Q

State attachments of metacarpophalangeal joint capsule

A

Enveloped by a loose fibrous capsule, attached close to the margins of articular facets
Synovial membrane lines all non articular surfaces

Strengthened:
Medial and laterally by - collateral metacarpophalangeal ligaments
Anteriorly capsule replaced by - palmar metacarpophalangeal ligament
Posterior capsule by -
Digits 2-5: extensor expansion (plus fibres from palmar aponeurosis)
Thumb: expansion of extensor pollicus longus tendon

27
Q

State ligaments supporting metacarpophalangeal joints

A

Palmar ligaments

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

Deep transverse metacarpal (digits 2-5) ligaments

28
Q

State attachments and function of MCP palmar ligaments

A

Palmar ligament - dense fibrocartilaginous thickening located on the palmar aspect of the MCP joint capsule

loosely attached to the palmar aspect of the metacarpal neck, but firmly adhered to the palmar surface of the base of the adjacent proximal phalanx

Sides of the palmar ligament blend with the collateral ligaments

In pollux - palmar ligament contains two sesamoid bones, which articulate with palmar facets on the 1st MT head

Prevents hyperextension of the MCP joint

29
Q

State attachments and function of medial and lateral metacarpophalangeal ligaments

A

consist of proper collateral and accessory collateral ligaments

Proper collateral ligaments
□ Expand from the posterior tubercles on the dorsolateral aspect of the metacarpal head to the palmar aspect of the adjacent proximal phalanx, just distal to the base
□ Limit flexion of MCP joints

Accessory collateral ligaments
□ Attach more proximal to the metacarpal head and run distally to attach onto the distal third of the palmar ligament
□ Taut in extension - limits extension of MCP joints

30
Q

State attachments and function of deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

A

Series of short ligaments continuous with the Palmar interosseous Fascia and fibrous flexor tendons connecting the palmar ligaments of the MCP joints of the fingers to each other

Passing anteriorly are tendons of lumbricals and posteriorly tendons of dorsal and palmar interossei

Restrict the movement of metacarpals and proximal phalanges relative to each other; help form a unified skeletal framework for the palm of the hand

31
Q

Classify interphalangeal joints

A

Synovial hinge joints

Uniaxial - capable of 1o of freedom

32
Q

State articular surfaces of interphalangeal joints

A

IP joint of pollux - head of the proximal phalanx with the base of the distal phalanx

PIP joint (digits 2-5) - head of the proximal phalanx with the base of the middle phalanx

DIP joint (digits 2-5) - head of the middle phalanx with the base of the distal phalanx

33
Q

State attachments of interphalangeal joint capsule

A

Fibrous joint capsule, the inner lining of which is comprised of a synovial membrane
Synovial membrane lines all non articular surfaces

Strengthened by:
Medial and laterally - collateral ligaments
anteriorly replaced by - Palmar ligaments
Posteriorly - broadening of the extensor tendons (extensor expansion)

34
Q

State attachments and function of medial and lateral collateral interphalangeal ligaments

A

Medial and lateral collateral ligaments - course on either side of each IP joint

Arising from the head of the more proximal phalanx and extending to the palmar (volar) aspect of its distal counterpart

Accessory ligaments - Arises from each collateral ligament, extends anteriorly to attach to the fibres of the palmar ligament

Prevent excessive ADD/ABD movements of the IP joints

35
Q

State attachments and function of palmar ligament of interphalangeal joints

A

thick plate of fibrocartilage located on the palmar surface of each IP joint

Proximally - loosely attached to the neck of the more proximal phalanx
Distally - firmly adhered to anterior margin of the base of the more distal phalanx, blends with collateral ligaments

Prevent excessive hyperextension of IP joints

Wrist (4 decks)

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