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Wrist > Forearm Muscles > Flashcards

Forearm Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Name muscles of the anterior superficial compartment

A 
From lateral to medial: 5 muscles 
Pronator teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
Palmaris longus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)
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2
Q

State position and arrangement of pronator teres

A

fusiform muscle situated most lateral in the superficial anterior compartment group

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3
Q

Name attachments for pronator teres

A

Origin:
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulna head: medial coronoid process of ulna

Insertion:
Middle of lateral surface of radius

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4
Q

Give actions of pronator teres

A

Powerful pronation of the forearm (radial head rotates in radial notch of ulna)

Assists in elbow flexion

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5
Q

Give innervation of pronator teres

A

Median nerve C6-7

passing through gap between two heads

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6
Q

Give position and arrangement for flexor carpi radialis (FCR)

A

Fusiform muscle situated laterally in superficial layer of anterior compartment muscles

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7
Q

Give attachments of flexor carpi radialis

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

Insertion: Palmar surface of bases of metacarpals 2 & 3

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8
Q

Give actions of flexor carpi radialis

A

Powerful wrist flexion and radial deviation (ABD)

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9
Q

Give innervation of flexor carpi radialis

A

Median nerve C6-7

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10
Q

Give position and arrangement for palmaris longus

A

A centrally positioned small vestigial muscle, within superficial layer of anterior compartment muscles between FCR and FCU

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11
Q

Give attachments of palmaris longus

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

Insertion: Flexor retinaculum & apex of palmar aponeurosis

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12
Q

Give actions of palmaris longus

A

Weak wrist flexion

Tightens palmar fascia

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13
Q

Give innervation of palmaris longus

A

Median nerve C7-8

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14
Q

Give position and arrangement for flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Large muscle and only muscle located in intermediate layer of anterior compartment muscles

Contains a humeroulnar head and a radial head

Lies superficial to Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP)

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15
Q

Give attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Orgin:
Humeroulnar head - Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor origin), ulna collateral ligament, medial part coronoid process of ulna

Radial head - proximal ⅔ anterior border of radius

Insertion: Splits into 4 tendons as it crosses wrist joint; each tendon splits as it passes over palmar surface of proximal phalanx of all fingers to insert into sides of the bases of the middle phalanges of each finger.

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16
Q

Give actions of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes in turn: PIP, MCP of four fingers, wrist joint

Tendon arrangement ↑ power of grip

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17
Q

Give a function activity of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Gripping an object in hand, I.e. a cup

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18
Q

Give innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Median nerve C6-8,T1

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19
Q

Give position and arrangement for flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)

A

Fusiform muscle situated most medically in superficial layer of anterior compartment muscles

Contains a humeral head and a ulna head

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20
Q

Give attachments of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin:
Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of humerus (via common flexor tendon)

Ulna head: Medial border of olecranon, upper 2/3 posterior border of ulna via aponeurosis

Insertion:
Long thin tendon inserts into pisiform (invested w/in tendon)
Further distally via pisohamate ligt to hamate; via pisometacarpal ligt to base of MC 5

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21
Q

Give actions of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Powerful wrist flexor and ulnar deviation (ADD)

Synergic action in abduction of digit 5

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22
Q

Give innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Ulnar nerve C7-8 (passes through gap between 2 heads)

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23
Q

Give actions and innervation of superficial layer of anterior compartment muscles

A

Actions as mainly flexors of the wrist (except pronator teres)

All innervated by median nerve (except flexor carpi ulnaris)
Pronator teres & FCR: Median nerve C6-7
Palmaris longus: median nerve C7-8
FDS: median nerve C6-T1
FCU: Ulnar nerve C7-8
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24
Q

Give names of deep layer of anterior compartment muscles

A

From lateral to medial: 3 muscles
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
Flexor digitorum profunus (FDP)
pronator quadratus

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25
Q

Give position and arrangement for flexor pollicis longus

A

Long muscle lying lateral to flexor digitorum profundus in deep layer of anterior compartment muscles

Also a extrinsic muscle of the hand

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26
Q

Give attachments of flexor pollicis longus

A

Origin: Anterior surface of radius & adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: Crossing wrist joint on palmar surface of pollux (below flexor retinaculum in its own synovial sheath) to base of distal phalanx of pollux

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27
Q

Give actions of flexor pollicis longus

A

Flexion at IP joint of thumb (only flexor), at MCP, CMC joints of thumb, assists flexion of wrist

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28
Q

Give functional activity of flexor pollicis longus

A

Hand gripping - a cup

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29
Q

Give innervation of flexor pollicis longus

A

Anterior Interosseous Nerve C8, T1

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30
Q

Give position and arrangement for flexor digitorum profundus (FDP)

A

Fusiform muscle situated in deep layer on medial side of anterior compartment

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31
Q

Give attachments of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Origin: Medial side coronoid process, proximal 3/4 anterior & medial surfaces of ulna, adjacent interosseous membrane, posterior border of ulna via aponeurosis

Insertion: Splits into 4 tendons as it crosses wrist joint on palmar surface (through carpal tunnel); into base of distal phalanx of each finger (via tunnel formed by splits of FDS tendons)

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32
Q

Give actions of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes in turn: DIP, PIP, MCP of four fingers, wrist joints

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33
Q

Give innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Split nerve supply

Anterior Interosseous nerve C7,8,T1 (radial 2 digits)

Ulnar nerve C8,T1
(ulna 2 digits)

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34
Q

Give position and arrangement of pronator quadratus

A

quadrangular, thin, short and flat muscle lying within the deep layer of anterior compartment of forearm

Located distally in forearm

Deepest muscle of anterior compartment only superficial to interosseous membrane

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35
Q

Give attachments of pronator quadratus

A

Origin: Distal shaft of ulna
Insertion: Distal shaft of radius

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36
Q

Give actions of pronator quadratus

A

Pronation of forearm (radial head rotates in radial notch of ulna)

Stabilises bones in weight-bearing (inf RUJ)

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37
Q

Give innervation of pronator quadratus

A

Anterior interosseous nerve C8-T1

38
Q

Give actions and innervation of deep layer of anterior compartment muscles

A

Action is mainly flexion of thumb and digits (except pronator teres)

Innervation is anterior interosseous nerve (except flexor digitorum profundus)

FPL & pronator quadratus = anterior interosseous nerve C8-T1
FDP = split nerve supply
(Radial 2 digits) - anterior interosseous nerve C7-T1
(Ulnar 2 digits) - ulnar nerve C8-T1

39
Q

Name superficial layer of posterior compartment muscles

A 
From lateral to medial: 6 muscles
Brachioradialis 
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
Extensor carpi radialis breves (ECRB)
Extensor digitorum (ED)
Extensor digiti minimi (EDM)
Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU)
40
Q

Give position and arrangement for brachioradialis

A

fusiform muscle located in the lateral part of the posterior forearm

Most lateral muscle of superficial posterior compartment

Comprises radial group of forearm muscles along with ECRL, ECRB

41
Q

Give attachments of brachioradialis

A

Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (above common extensor origin)

Insertion: Lateral surface of distal radius, proximal to radial styloid process

42
Q

Give actions of brachioradialis

A

Elbow flexion when forearm in mid-prone

Returns forearm from fully pronated/supinated to mid-range

43
Q

State innervation of brachioradialis

A

Radial nerve C5-6

44
Q

Give position and arrangement for extensor carpi radialis longus

A

superficial to the deep group of forearm extensors and the belly of the anconeus. The muscle is also lateral to brachialis and is partially overlapped by the brachioradialis.

45
Q

Give attachments of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus (above common extensor origin)

Insertion: Long tendon crosses wrist joint to dorsal aspect of base of MC 2

46
Q

Give actions of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Powerful wrist extension and radial deviation (ABD)

47
Q

Give innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Radial nerve C6-7

48
Q

Give position and arrangement of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

fusiform muscle found in the lateral part of the posterior forearm

Smaller than, partly covered by and adjacent to ECRL

49
Q

Give attachments of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

Insertion: Dorsal surface base of metacarpal 3

50
Q

Give actions of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Powerful wrist extension and radial deviation (ABD)

51
Q

Give innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Posterior Interosseous nerve C6-7

52
Q

Give position and arrangement of extensor digitorum

A

long muscle located centrally in superficial layer of posterior compartment of the forearm

situated medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis and lateral to extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles

Most superficial muscle of posterior compartment

53
Q

Give attachments of extensor digitorum

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

Insertion: Splits into 4 tendons (from extensor retinaculum) to bases of middle and distal phalanges of all fingers (via dorsal digital expansion)

54
Q

Give actions of extensor digitorum

A

In turn: extension of DIP, PIP, MCP of all fingers, wrist joints

55
Q

Give innervation of extensor digitorum

A

Posterior interosseous nerve C7-8

56
Q

Give position of extensor digiti minimi

A

long, thin muscle found in the posterior forearm situated medial to, and is sometimes partially fused with, the extensor digitorum muscle; lateral to extensor carpi ulnaris

57
Q

Give attachments of extensor digiti minimi

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)

Insertion: Long thin tendon to bases of middle and distal phalanges of little finger (via dorsal digital expansion of digit 5)

58
Q

Give actions of extensor digiti minimi

A

Extension at MCP joint of little finger

Assists extension of IP joints of little finger
Assists extension of wrist

59
Q

Give functional activity of extensor digiti minimi

A

Independent pointing with the little finger

60
Q

Give innervation of extensor digit minimi

A

Posterior interosseous nerve C7-8

61
Q

Give position and arrangement for extensor carpi ulnaris

A

fusiform muscle situated on the posteromedial aspect of the posterior compartment

the most medial muscle of the posterior forearm

62
Q

Give attachments for extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon); posterior border of ulna (via shared aponeurosis)

Insertion: Long thin tendon crossing wrist joint on ulna side to base of MC 5

63
Q

Give actions of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Wrist extension and ulna deviation (ADD)

64
Q

Give innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Posterior Interosseous nerve C7-8

65
Q

Give a functional activity of ECRL, ECRB, ECU

A

during gripping - wrist must be in extension to prevent active insufficiency in finger flexors

Synergists during gripping = preventing unwanted continues action of finger flexors, which would flex the wrist

66
Q

Give actions and innervation if superficial layer of posterior compartment muscles

A

Action mainly wrist extension (except brachioradialis)

Innervation by radial nerve or posterior interosseous nerve branch:

Brachioradialis - radial nerve C5-6
ECRL - radial nerve C6-7
ECRB - posterior interosseous nerve C6-7
ED, EDM, ECU - posterior interosseous nerve C7-8

67
Q

Give names of deep layer of posterior compartment muscles

A 
From lateral to medial: 5 muscles 
Supinator 
Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
Extensor indicis (EI)
68
Q

Give position and arrangement of supinator

A

spiral muscle contained in the posterior compartment of the forearm with a humeral and ulna head

deep layer in posterior compartment in the forearm, superficial only to the parts of the radius and ulna over which the muscle lies

Along with the brachialis muscle, it forms the floor of the cubital fossa

Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus cover the muscle’s radial surface, while the inferior part of the anconeus muscle overlies it from the ulnar side

69
Q

Give attachments of supinator

A

Origin:
Humeral head: lateral epicondyle of humerus, slips to radial collateral, annular ligaments
Ulna head: supinator crest and fossa (inferior to radial notch of ulna)

Insertion: Heads conjoin and wrap around proximal 1/3 anterior, lateral, posterior surface of radius

70
Q

Give actions of supinator

A

Prime mover of supination (de-rotates radial head in radial notch of ulna)

71
Q

State innervation of supinator

A

Radial nerve C5-6 (motor nerve branch passes through gap between 2 heads)

72
Q

Give position and arrangement of abductor pollicis longus

A

found in the deep layer of posterior compartment of the forearm

muscle belly of abductor pollicis longus lies in the distal half of the posterior forearm deep to extensor digitorum and lateral to extensor pollicis longus muscle

tendon is located lateral to the tendon of extensor pollicis brevis and forms the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox

73
Q

Give attachments of abductor pollicis longus

A

Origin: Posterior surface of upper ulna & middle radius, adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: Travels with tendon of extensor pollicis brevis to radial side of base of MC 1

74
Q

Give actions of abductor pollicis longus

A

Assists extension & abduction at 1st MCP joint

Assists radial deviation (ABD) at wrist

75
Q

Give functional activities of abductor pollicis longus

A

Pulls thumb away from palm in bowling and shoveling (when working alone or with abductor pollicis brevis)

Fully extends the thumb at 1st MCP joint in loosening hand grip, i,e when letting go of an object (when working with short, long extensors of thumb)

76
Q

Give innervation of abductor policy longus

A

Posterior Interosseous nerve C7,8

77
Q

Give position and arrangement of extensor pollicis brevis

A

short and slender muscle in deep layer of posterior compartment

lies deep to extensor digitorum muscle, medial to abductor pollicis longus and posterolateral to extensor pollicis longus muscle

Together with the tendon of abductor pollicis longus, the tendon of extensor pollicis brevis = lateral border of anatomical snuff box

78
Q

Give attachments of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Origin: middle 1/3 posterior surface of ulna, adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: Long thin tendon crosses wrist joint (deep to extensor retinaculum) to dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

79
Q

Give actions of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Extension of MCP & CMC joints of thumb

Assists in extension and radial deviation (ABD) of wrist

80
Q

Give functional activity of extensor pollicis longus & brevis

A

Pulling thumb away from palm - enabling letting go of an object

81
Q

Give innervation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

Posterior Interosseous nerve C7,8

82
Q

Give position and arrangement of extensor pollicis longus

A

Muscle in deep layer of posterior compartment situated deep to the extensor digitorum, medial to abductor pollicis longus and lateral to extensor indicis

At radiocarpal joint tendon of extensor pollicis longus sits medial to that of extensor pollicis brevis, which collectively form a depression (when the thumb is extended) known as the anatomical snuffbox

83
Q

Give attachments of extensor pollicis longus

A

Origin: middle 1/3 posterior surface of ulna, adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: Muscle wraps around Lister’s tubercle; tendon crosses wrist joint to dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb

84
Q

Give actions of extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends IP joint, (assists) MCP, CMC joints of thumb

Assists in extension, radial deviation (ABD) of wrist

85
Q

Give innervation of extensor pollicis longus

A

Posterior Interosseous nerve C7,8

86
Q

Give position and arrangement of extensor indicis

A

narrow, elongated muscle situated on medial aspect of the deep layer of posterior compartment

deep to the extensor digitorum, medial to the extensor pollicis longus, and lateral to the extensor carpi ulnaris

Deep to the extensor retinaculum, the extensor indicis tendon lies in the fourth dorsal (extensor) compartment of the wrist, sharing with the tendons of extensor digitorum muscle, sitting medial to them in their common tendinous sheath

87
Q

Give attachments of extensor indicis

A

Origin: Posterior surface of the distal ulna, adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion: Dorsal digital expansion of index finger

88
Q

Give actions of extensor indicis

A

Extension of IP, MCP joints of index finger

Assists in extension of wrist joints

89
Q

Give functional activity of extensor indicis

A

Independent extension of index finger - pointing of index finger

90
Q

Give innervation of extensor indicis

A

posterior interosseous nerve C7-8

91
Q

Give action & innervation of deep layer of posterior compartment muscles

A

Main action to extension of digits and thumb (except supinator)

Innervation by radial nerve or posterior interosseous nerve branch
Supinator - radial nerve C5-6
APL, EPB, EPL, EI - Posterior interosseous nerve C7-8

92
Q

Describe EI:EPL:EPB:APL relationship

A

EI runs medial to dorsal tubercle of ulna
EPL wraps over dorsal tubercle of ulna
EPB & APL run together (same compartment) lateral to dorsal tubercle of ulna

Wrist (4 decks)

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