State the 6 types of synovial joint
”- planar joint
- pivot joint
- hinge joint
- condylar joint
- saddle joint
- ball & socket joint”
Describe the planar joint
”- have bones w/ articulating surfaces w/ flat/slightly curved faces
- allows gliding movement
- does NOT involve rotation”
Describe the pivot joint
consists of a peg surrounded by a ring
- permits movement in one plane around the vertical axis (rotation)
Describe the hinge joint
- slightly round end on one bone, slightly hollow end on other bone
- allows movement in a single plane
(imagine a door or a laptop screen)
Describe the condylar joint
- consists of two condyles that fit w/ each other
- -> one has an oval convex structure, other an oval concave structure
- allows movement in two planes, but mainly around transverse axis
- allows rotation on the vertical axis
Describe the saddle joint
- the ends of each bone resembles a saddle
- consists of concave and convex portions that fit each other
- similar to condyloid joints but w/ a greater range of motion
Describe the ball & socket joint
- rounded, ball-like end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone
- allows movement in all directions
Give 3 examples of a planar joint
- intercarpal joints
- intertarsal joints
- joints b/n articular processes of vertebrae
Give 3 examples of a pivot joint
- upper radio-ulnar joint present at the elbow joint
- inferior radio-ulnar joint there present on the wrist joint
- atlantoaxial joint (right under the skull)
Give 3 examples of a hinge joint
- elbow joint
- ankle joint
- interphalangeal joints
Give 3 examples of a condylar joint
- knee joint
- jaw joint
- radio-carpal joint
Give 2 examples of a saddle joint
- carpometacarpal joint
- sternoclavicular joint
Give 2 examples of a ball & socket joint
- shoulder joint
- hip joint
Describe menisci (singular: meniscus)
- flat, circular discs
- sits w/i the centre of a joint
State the function of menisci
enhances “fit” –> provide the correct shape of joint surface to allow the articulation of femoral condyles (to prevent too much excessive motion in unwanted directions at the joint)
Describe bursae (singular: bursa)
- smooth, small, synovial fluid-filled sacs
- lined by a synovial membrane
- positioned as tendons cross-over joints
