Bone Flashcards
State the difference b/n ‘bone’ and ‘bones’
"Bone = a type of connective tissue Bones = organs made up of bone tissue"
State the functions of bones (5)
”- Support
- Facilitate movement
- Protection (of internal organs)
- Production of blood cells
- Storage and release of minerals and fat”
Long bone Internal Structure
- medullary cavity surrounded by trabecular (spongy) bone, further encapsulated in cortical (compact) bone
Long bone Appearance
”- cylinder-like shape
- longer than it is wide”
Long bone Function
”- leverage
- contains red blood marrow: produces blood cells
- contains yellow blood marrow: stores triglycerides (fats)”
Long bone Examples
”- humerus
- femur
- radius
- ulna
- fibula”
Short bone Internal Structure
”- no medullary cavity
- mostly spongey bone surrounded by cortical bone”
Short bone Appearance
”- cylinder-like shape
- longer than it is wide”
Short bone Function
”- leverage
- contains red blood marrow: produces blood cells
- contains yellow blood marrow: stores triglycerides (fats)”
Short bone Examples
”- humerus
- femur
- radius
- ulna
- fibula”
Irregular bone Appearance
- complex shape
Irregular bone Function
”- protect internal organs
- allow flexibility
- provide support”
Irregular bone Examples
”- vertebrae
- sacrum”
Sesamoid bone Appearance
”- small
- round”
Sesamoid bone Function
- protect tendons from compressive forces
Sesamoid bone Examples
”- patella
- fabellae”
Flat bone
”- no medullary cavity
- 2 layers of compact bone surrounding either trabecular bone/air”
Flat bone
”- thin
- curved”
Flat bone
”- point of attachment for muscles
- protect internal organs”
Flat bone
”- cranial bones
- sternum
- scapula”
State the two types of bone membranes (in long bones)
”- periosteum
- endosteum”
Periosteum Location in long bone
“outer surface of the bone
(peri– = “around”/“surrounding”) [except where the epiphysis meets other bones to form joints]”
Periosteum Function
Function
Periosteum Osteolytic/Osteogenic
Osteogenic & Osteolytic
Periosteum Number of layers
2
Endosteum Location in long bone
“lines the medullary cavity
(end- = “inside”; oste- = “bone”)”
Endosteum Function
acts as a location for bone growth, repair, & remodeling
Endosteum Osteolytic/Osteogenic
Osteogenic & Osteolytic
Endosteum Number of layers
1
Define ‘osteogenic’
able to produce new bone cells
Define ‘osteolytic’
able to remove old, unwanted bone
State the function of osteocytes
maintains bone tissue; maintains the mineral conc. of the matrix via secretion of enzymes
-responsible for signalling and maintaining bone structure
State the function of osteoblasts
bone formation; become osteocytes
State the function of osteogenic cells
undifferentiated stem cell; develops into osteoblasts
State the function of osteoclasts
bone resorption
State the location of osteocytes
entrapped in matrix; located in lacuna, surrounded by bone tissue