Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatrics > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Risk Factors of developmental dysplasia of the hip

A 
female sex: 6 times greater risk
breech presentation
positive family history
firstborn children
oligohydramnios
birth weight > 5 kg
congenital calcaneovalgus foot deformity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the Barlow test do

A

attempts to dislocate an articulated femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the Ortolani test do

A

attempts to relocate a dislocated femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is developmental dysplasia of the hip investiated

A

USS of the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Management of DDH

A
  • Most unstable hips will spontaneously stabilise by 3-6 weeks of age
  • Pavlik harness (dynamic flexion-abduction orthosis) in children younger than 4-5 months
  • Older children may require surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Normal RR age 0-6 months

A

30-60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Normal RR 6-12 months

A

24-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal RR >12 mo

A

20-30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs of increased resp effort in an infant

A 
crackles in the chest.
nasal flaring.
chest indrawing.
cyanosis.
oxygen saturation of 95% or less when breathing air.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Features of growing pains

A
  • never at the start of the day after the child has woken
  • no limp
  • no limitation of physical activity
  • systemically well
  • normal physical examination
  • motor milestones normal
  • symptoms are often intermittent and worse after a day of - vigorous activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are growing pains also known as

A

‘benign idiopathic nocturnal limb pains of childhood’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what age range do growing pains occur

A

3-12 years

equal in boys and girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Features of Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

hip, groin, medial thigh or knee pain
loss of internal rotation of the leg in flexion
bilateral slip in 20% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Investigations for ? Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

AP and lateral (typically frog-leg) views are diagnostic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of Slipped capital femoral epiphysis

A

Internal fixation: typically a single cannulated screw placed in the center of the epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the triad of Henoch-Schnlein Purpura

A
  • Purpura: legs, buttocks, arms
  • Arthralgia: ankles and knees
  • Abdo pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What often triggers HSP

A
  • Follows group A strep URTI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What must you ALWAYS rule out in Henoch-Schnlein Purpura

A
  • Testicular torsion

- Intussuception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who get’s neonatal Jaundice

A
  • 50% babies
  • Not worrying unless >2 weeks
  • Boys > girls
  • Check baby is well
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neonatal jaundice history

A
  • When did it start
  • Incompatability: Maternal/fetal blood group, Anti-D?
  • Sepsis: Fever, maternal infectons, Abx at labour etc
21
Q

When is neonatal jaundice always pathological

A

<24 hours old

22
Q

What are the symptoms of neonatal jaundince

A
  • 2-3 days old (5-7 if prem)
  • more common in breast fed
  • Head, face then chest an stomach
  • Itchy
  • Poor feeding
  • Sleepiness
  • Dark urine/pale stools
23
Q

What are the features of hypermobility of the spine

A

back pain if parspinal muscles are weak and sore stability is poor

24
Q

What is the management of hypermobility

A

physiotherapy to built muscle strength around the joints

25
Q

At what age is hypermobility a normal variant

A

5-8years

26
Q

Features of marfans syndrome

A 
tall
archynodactyly
pectus excavatum
high arched palate
can be myopic
27
Q

Which further assessments should be done with a diagnosis of Marfans

A

cardiac review with echo
Family history of sudden early death from aortic aneurysmal dissection/rupture
opthalmology

28
Q

Features of Ehlers Danlos

A

hyperextensibility of skin
poor wound healing
blue sclera

29
Q

What cardiac risk are associated with Ehlers Danlos

A

aortic regurgitation

Dissection of the Aorta

30
Q

What inheritence pattern do both Ehlers Danlos and Marfans syndrome have

A

autosomal dominant

31
Q

Causes of scoliosis

A
  • postural - weak muscles due to hypermobility
  • growth in puberty
  • congenital
  • Heavy school bag!!
  • muscular dystrophies
  • cerebral palsy
  • neurofibromatosis
32
Q

What features lead you away from a structural cause of scoliosis

A

asymmetrical skin creases

correction of scoliosis on bending forward

33
Q

What is the first line imaging of scoliosis

A
  1. spinal anteriorposterior (AP) and lateral spines

2. MRI - if red flags or painful scoliosis

34
Q

What is the management of a true structural scoliosis

A
  1. referral to spinal team
  2. physiotherapy
  3. spinal bracing
  4. corrective surgery if necessary
35
Q

What are the investigations for a toddler/young child presenting with back pain

A
  • low threshold for MRI imaging

- urinary catecholamines and catecholamine metabolities to rule out spinal/bone tumour or neuroblastoma.

36
Q

What is enthesitis related arthritis

A
  • Subgroup of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  • Boys >10
  • Can be HLAB27 positive - autoimmine
37
Q

What are the features of enthesitis related arthritis

A
  • long term lower back pain
  • hip and buttock pain while walking
  • tenderness on palpation of achilles tendon
  • can get skin/intestinal and opthalmalogical symptoms
38
Q

What is the management of enthesitis related arthritis

A
  • referral to rheum
  • anti-inflam
  • may require biologics
39
Q

Causes of chronic back pain in children

A
  • hypermobility
  • biomechanical
  • chronic pain
  • spondylosis
  • inflammatory arthritis - ERA
  • Disc degeneration
  • tumuours
  • osteoporosis
40
Q

Which joints do you mainly assess for hypermobility

A

Beighton score

  • thumb + fingers
  • elbows
  • knees
  • lumbar spine flexion
41
Q

features of Alport syndrome

A
  • glomerulonephritis
  • hearing loss
  • eye abnormalaties
42
Q

how does systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis usually present

A
  • high intermittent fever
  • widespread lace like rash (levido reticularis) resolves when fever
  • joint pain
  • hepatoplenomegaly
  • lyphadenopthy
  • weight loss
43
Q

What do investigations of ystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis usually show

A
  • Very high CRP and ESR
  • thrombocytosis
  • RF and ANA negative
44
Q

Features of psoriatic arhtritis

A
  • psoraitic rash
  • nail pitting
  • dactlytis
  • FH of psoraisis
  • joint pain
  • RF negative
45
Q

What is oligarticular arthritis

A
  • less than 4 joints affected
  • Onset usually 2-5
  • 50% of al juvenile idiopathic arthritis
46
Q

What are the blood results of oligoarticular arthritis

A
  • RF ngative

- ANA positve

47
Q

Features of Kawasaki

A 
fever >5 days +
- bilateral conjunctivitis
- polymorphous exthanma (rash)
- mucosal changes of mouth and lips
- oedema/erythema to hands and feet
- lymphadenopathy
(Induration of BCG scar)
48
Q

What it the management of kawasaki

A
  • aspirin
  • immunoglobulins
  • follow up Echo

Paediatrics (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions