Childhood malignancies Flashcards
Cranioharygioma
Benign tumours that grown near the pituitary gland hormonal imbalances visual disturbances headaches Symptoms of raised ICP
Presentation of cerebellar astrocytoma
loss of balance
worsening handwriting
slow speech
presentation Ependymoma
- located in the fourth ventricle
- ## raised ICP: headaches/nausea/vomiting/blurry vision/seizures
What is low grade glioma
- localised in anterior extension of lateral ventricles and basal ganglia
What are the symptoms of low grade glioma
headache with severe vomiting with no other intestinal symptoms
What is a medulla blastoma
arises in the vermis in the midline posterior fossa and fills the 4th ventricle causing obstructive hydrocephalus
Symptoms of medulla blastoma
obstructive hydrocephalus:
- Balance difficulties
- visual disturbances
What investigations would you expect ot be abnormal in neuroblastoma
abnormal urine catecholamines
If acute lymphoma affects soft tissue of the head what would you expect to see
proptosis
What is the presentation of neuroblastoma
abdominal mass HTN Ascites/pleural effusions swellings in legs/face/upper body bone pain proptosis weight loss
What is tumour lysis syndrome
- oncoligcal emergency
- breakdown of dying tumour cells and the release of their intracellular contents (purines, uric acid, K and phosphate)
- uric acid into renal tubules causing renal insufficiency
What causes tumour lysis syndrome
- usually precipitated by the treatment of cancer - mainly high grade B cell malginanies and high WCC leukaemia
- response to physiological stress
What investigations do you complete for ? neuroblastoma
- urinary catecholamines, phenikuc acids and metadrenalines
- biopsy of solid tumour
Which childhood malignancies will show a raised AFP
- hepatoblastoma
- secreting germ cell tumours
