Joints Flashcards
Diarthrosis (Synovial) Joint
Fibroelastic joint capsule, which is filled with a lubricating substance called synovial fluid and permits free bone movement. The bones that articulate in a synovial joint are capped with a smooth layer of hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage
What are the 3 major types of synarthroses joints?
- Synostosis Joints
- Synchondrosis Joints
- Syndesmosis Joints
What are the 3 main joint classifications?
- Fibrous or Synarthrodial (immoveable)
- Cartilagenous or Amphiarthrodial (slightly moveable)
- Synovial or Diarthrodial (freely moveable)
Example of a Diarthrosis Joint
- Hip
- Knee
- Shoulder
- Elbow
Example of Synarthrosis Joints
Sagittal suture of the skull
Syndesmosis Joint
Jointed together by an interosseous membrane. Examples include joints such as the symphysis pubis.
Gomphosis Joint
Type of Fibrous Joint. Bony surfaces connected like a peg in a hole (the periodontal membrane is the fibrous component). Type of Fibrous Joint
Example of a Gomphosis Joint
The teeth and corresponding sockets are the only gomphosis joints in the body
Synchondrosis and Examples
Type of Cartilageinous joint. Joined by either hyaline or fibrocartilage. Examples include the epiphyseal plates of growing bones and the articulations between the first rib and sternum.
Describe the surface of a Ball and Socket Joint
Spherical head fits into the cup cavity of the other bone
How many planes does the Ball and Socket move? What are its actions?
Triaxial.
- Flexion/Extension
- Abduction/Adduction
- Circumduction
Examples of a Ball and Socket Joint
- Hip
2. Shoulder
Describe the surface of a Hinge (ginglymus) Joint
1 surface spool-like. 1 surface is concave and fits over spool
How many planes does the Ball and Socket Joint move in?
Uniaxial
What is an example of the Ball and Socket Joint?
Humero-ulnar Joint
What action does the pivot joint do and how many planes does it move in?
Uniaxial
ROTATION ONLY
Give examples of a pivot joint?
- Atlanto-axial
2. Radioulnar
Describe the surface of a Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joint?
Oval or egg-shaped convex surface. Fits into a reciprocally shaped concave surface
What are the motions of Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joint?
Biaxial
- Forward/Backward
- Side to Side
Give examples of a Condyloid Joint
Wrist
Describe the surface of a Irregular Joint
Irregularly shaped and usually flat or slightly curved
Describe the motion of an Irregular Joint?
Gliding (non-axial)
Example of Irregular Joint
Some intercarpal joints
Describe the surface of a Saddle Joint?
Ends of both bones are convex like a western saddle
What are the motions of Saddle Joint?
Biaxial
- Flexion/Extension
- Abduction/Adduction
Example of a saddle joint?
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Synostosis Joints
Type of Fibrous-Synarthrosis Joint. United by bone tissue. Examples include sutures and gomphoses.
