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Anatomy Exam III > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Coxofemoral joint (hip)

A

Functionally diarthrodial joint
Structurally synovial, ball and socket joint
Multiaxial joint that rotates around 3 axes in all three planes of movement

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2
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

Covers most of the anterior aspect of the hip joint Proximal attachment: anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim
Distal attachment: intertrochanteric line of femur

-prevents hyperextension of the thigh and sees the head of the femur into the acetabulum to help strengthen and stabilize the hip joint

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3
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A

Proximal attachment: pubic part of the acetabular rim and iliopubic eminence
Distal attachment: blends w/ medial part of iliofemoral ligament

-checks hyperabduction, aids in hyperextenion prevention of the thigh, strengthen the anterior and inferior parts of capsule

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4
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

A

Proximal attachment: ischial portion of the acetabular rim
Distal attachment: spirals around the posterior neck and attaches to anterior neck medial to great trochanter

-prevents hyperextension of joint and strengthens the posterior capsule

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5
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

Intracapsular ligament
Proximal attachment: acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament
Distal: fovea capitis on femur

-does not aid in stabilization, but does have the artery to the head of the femur running through it

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6
Q

Tibiofemoral joint

A

Articulation between the tibia and femur bones
Functionally diarthrodial joint
Structurally modified synovial, hinge (modified because there is some rotation)
Very weak joint, relying on muscles and ligaments for support

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7
Q

Medial and lateral menisci

A

Help deepen concavity of the knee joint, provide proprioception, help lubricate joint, provide shock absorption by increasing surface area, and help with tensional forces of joint

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8
Q

Articulating surfaces of the tibia (knee joint)

A

medial and lateral tibial plateaus

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9
Q

Articulating surfaces of the femur (knee joint)

A

medial and lateral femoral condyles

-convex structures are covered with hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

Lateral meniscus

A

“O shaped”
Attached to intercondylar area:
-posteriorly: anterior to PCL
-anteriorly: posterior to ACL

Attached posteriorly to populates m. and has coronary ligaments allowing more movement than MM (possibly why LM is less commonly injured)

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11
Q

Medial meniscus

A

“C shaped”
Anterior horn: attaches to anterior portion of the intercondylar area anterior to ACL
Posterior horn: attaches to posterior portion of the intercondylar area anterior to the PCL
-medial attachment with the MCL
MM is fixed strongly to the medial tibial plate via coronary ligaments which allow little displacement,

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12
Q

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

A

Strong wide flat band of connective tissue
Proxiamal attachment: medial femoral epicondyle
Distal: medial tibial condyle

roughly the midpoint, fibers of MCL are strongly attached to medial meniscus

primarily checks tibial abduction, secondarily checks hyperextension

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13
Q

Lateral (femoral) collateral ligament

A

Very strong, cord like ligament
Extends from lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the fibular head

Primary checks tibial adduction, second prevents hyperextension

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14
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

Extends posteriorly, superiorly and laterally to attach to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle

Checks anterior translation of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension of the leg

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15
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Stronger than ACL

Extends from the posterior intercondylar eminence of the tibia to the anterior part of the lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle

Checks posterior translation of the tibia on the femur and will also help check hyper flexion of the leg

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16
Q

“unhappy triad”

A

Injury to the ACL, MCL and medial meniscus

Commonly caused by trauma to the posterolateral knee
Also can be caused by pivot shift injury (non contact) caused by quick deceleration, flexion of the knee, and lateral rotation of the femur and a values force (“cutting in”)

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17
Q

Superior tibiofibular joint

A

Synovial, planar joint between the fibular head and the lateral tibial condyle
Movement of the joint is minimal, but may help with proper mechanics of the talocrural joint

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18
Q

Inferior tibiofibular joint

A

Fibrous syndesmosis joint held together by ligaments

-between the tibia and fibula is the interosseous membrane

19
Q

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

A

located on the anterior surface of the joint

20
Q

Interosseous tibiofibular ligament

A

continuation of the interosseous membrane, strongest of the tibiofibular ligaments and is the most responsible for holding the joint together

21
Q

Posterior tibiofibular ligament

A

located on the posterior surface of the joint

22
Q

High ankle sprain (syndesmotic ankle sprain)

A

Injury at tibiofibular joint caused by lateral rotation of the foot (can also occur by forced dorsiflexion)
Very hard to treat because any step taken continually aggravates the damaged tissues

23
Q

Talocrural joint (ankle)

A

Synovial hinge joint formed by trochlea of talus (articulating with tibia) and the fibula

  • all articular surfaces are covered in hyaline cartilage and there is also a strong capsule surrounding the joint
  • strengthened by two sets of ligaments; lateral and deltoid ligaments (do not allow movement)
24
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament (lateral)

A

Extends from the anterior portion of the lateral malleolus to the talar neck
Will help check plantar flexion and inversion

25
Q

Calcaneofibular ligament (lateral)

A

Extends from the apex of the lateral malleolus to the lateral part of the calcaneous
Will help heck dorsiflexion and inversion

26
Q

Posterior talofibular ligament (lateral)

A

Extends from the posterior portion of the lateral malleolus to the posterior talus
Helps check dorsiflexion and inversion

27
Q

Anterior tibiotalar ligament (deltoid)

A

Deep fibers extend from anterior medial malleolus to the talus
Check eversion of talocrural joint

28
Q

Tibiocalcaneal ligament (deltoid)

A

Extends from the apex of the medial malleolus to the sustentaculu tali
Check eversion of talocrural joint

29
Q

Posterior tibiotalar ligament (deltoid)

A

Runs from the posterior part of the medial malleolus to the posteromedial talus
Check eversion of talocrural joint

30
Q

Arches of the foot

A

Transverse arch
Medial part of longitudinal arch
Lateral part of longitudinal arch

Supported by many ligaments in the foot

31
Q

Long plantar ligament

A

Forms a tunnel for the tendon of fibularis longus m.
Helps to maintain the longitudinal arch of the foot, extends from the plantar surface of the calcaneus to cuboid and the metatarsal bases (2-5)

32
Q

Short plantar ligament

A

Helps maintain the longitudinal arch of the foot, turns from the anteroinferior calcaneus to the plantar surface of the cuboid

33
Q

Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

A

Plays important role in the transfer of the weight from the talus and helps maintain the medial longitudinal arch
Extends from the plantar surface of the sustentaculum tali to the posteroinferior surface of the navicular

34
Q

Muscles acting on the knee joint: Flexion

A 
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
sartorius
gracilis
popliteus
gastrocnemius
plantaris
35
Q

Muscles acting on the knee joint: Extension

A

quadriceps femoris

tensor fascia latae

36
Q

Muscles acting on the knee joint: medial rotation

A 
popliteus
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
sartorius
gracilis
37
Q

Muscles acting on the knee joint: lateral rotation

A

biceps femoris

38
Q

Muscles acting on the hip: flexors

A 
Iliopsoas 
Sartorius
Tensor fascia lata
Rectus femoris
Pectineus
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus (ant.) 
Gracilis
39
Q

Muscles acting on the hip: Adductors

A

Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Gracilis
Pectineus
Obturator externus

40
Q

Muscles acting on the hip: lateral rotators

A 
obturator internus and externus
gemelli
piriformis
quadratus femoris
gluteus maximus
41
Q

Muscles acting on the hip: extensors

A 
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
long head of biceps femurs
addcutor magnus
gluteus maximus
42
Q

Muscles that act on hip: medial rotators

A

gluteus medius, minimus

tensor fascia lata

43
Q

Muscles that act on hip: abductors

A

gluteus medius, minimus

tensor fascia lata

Anatomy Exam III (8 decks)

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