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Anatomy Exam III > Anterior wall/ inguinal canal > Flashcards

Anterior wall/ inguinal canal Flashcards

1
Q

Navel Dermatome

A

T10

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2
Q

Gubernaculum

A

is a fibrous band extend from the caudal part of testis. It plays a role in the decent of the testis

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3
Q

Processus vaginalis

A

is a diverticulum or out pouching of the peritoneum

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4
Q

Abdominal wall derivative of dartos fascia and dartos muscle?

A 
Subcutaneous tissue
(campers fascia = superficial, forms dartos fascia) 
(scarpa's fascia = deep, forms dartos muscle, continuous with fascia of perineum aka Colle's fascia)
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5
Q

Abdominal wall derivative of external spermatic fascia?

A

External oblique muscle

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6
Q

Abdominal wall derivative of cremaster muscle/ fascia?

A

Internal oblique muscle/ fascia of internal oblique muscle

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7
Q

Abdominal wall derivative of internal spermatic fascia?

A

Transversalis fascia

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8
Q

Abdominal wall derivative of tunica vaginalis?

A

Peritoneum

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9
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

is the pouch of serous membrane that covers the testes. It is derived from the vaginal process of the peritoneum, which in the fetus precedes the descent of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum

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10
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

connective tissue covering testis

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11
Q

Inguinal canal

A
  • oblique passage in the lower anterior abdominal wall
  • 4cm long
  • directed downward, forward, and medially
  • greater in men than women
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12
Q

Fascia transversalis

A
  • has the deep inguinal ring
  • forms the posterior wall of the canal
  • represented in the scrotal layers as internal spermatic fascia
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13
Q

Inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s triangle)

A

Medially: linea semilunaris
Laterally: inferior epigastric vessels
Inferiorly: inguinal ligament

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14
Q

Deep inguinal ring

A

Males: spermatic cord
Females: round ligament

oval opening which lies in the transversalis fascia

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15
Q

Internal oblique features:

A
  • directed up
  • low arching fibers
  • forms roof of the canal
  • represented in scrotal layers as cremaster
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16
Q

Transversus abdominis features:

A
  • directed transverse
  • high arching fivers, together with the internal oblique forms Conjoint Tendon
  • forms roof of the canal
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17
Q

External oblique features:

A
  • directed “putting your hands in your pocket”
  • superficial inguinal ring
  • forms the anterior wall of the canal
  • forms inguinal ligament which is the floor of the canal
  • represented as external spermatic fascia
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18
Q

What 2 structures pass through the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Spermatic cord/ round ligament

Ilioinguinal nerve

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19
Q

What passes through the deep inguinal ring?

A

Spermatic cord/ round ligament

20
Q

Inguinal canal boundaries?

A

Anterior: EO aponeurosis, IO fibers
Posterior: Transversalis fascia, conjoint tendon
Roof: arched fibers of IO (low arched) and transverses abdomens (high arched)
Floor: inguinal ligament

21
Q

Spermatic cord 3 coverings?

A

external spermatic fascia, cremaster fascia, internal spermatic fascia

22
Q

Spermatic cord 3 arteries?

A

testicular artery, cremastric artery, artery of vas

23
Q

Spermatic cord 3 nerves?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral
sympathetic plexus around testicular A
Sympathetic plexus around artery of Vas

24
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Protrusion of abdominal contents (usually intestine) within a sac of peritoneum into the inguinal region

25
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

Traverses inguinal canal within the spermatic cord (lateral to inferior epigastric vessels)

26
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

External and parallel to the spermatic cord (medial to inferior epigastric vessel)

27
Q

Conjoint tendon

A

descends behind the superficial inguinal ring to be attached to pubic crest & pectineal line so it aids extra support to the superficial inguinal ring

28
Q

Direct: predisposing factors

A

weakness of anterior abdominal wall in inguinal triangle (ex. owing to distended superficial ring, narrow, inguinal falx, or attenuation of aponeurosis in males >40 years of age)

29
Q

Indirect: predisposing factors

A

Potency of processus vaginalis (complete or at least superior part) in younger persons, the great majority of which are males

30
Q

Hernia frequency

A

Direct: less common, 1/3

Indirect: more common, 2/3

31
Q

Hernia exit from abdominal cavity

A

Direct: peritoneum plus transversalis fascia (lies outside inner one or tow fascial coverings of cord)

Indirect: peritoneum of persistent processus vaginalis plus all three fascial coverings of cord/ round ligament

32
Q

Direct hernia course

A

passes through or around inguinal canal, usually traversing only medial third of canal, external and parallel to vestige of processes vaginalis

33
Q

Indirect hernia course

A

traverses inguinal canal (entire canal if it is of sufficient size) within processes vaginalis

34
Q

Exit from anterior abdominal wall

A

Direct: via superficial ring, lateral to cord, rarely enters scrotum

Indirect: via superficial ring inside cord, commonly passing into scrotum/ labium majus

35
Q

Contents of the rectus sheath

A

Rectus abdominis and pyramidalis
Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
Lower 6 intercostal nerves

36
Q

Rectus sheath above arcuate line

A

Anterior: internal and external oblique fuse
Posterior: internal and transverse fuse

37
Q

Rectus sheath below arcuate line

A

Anterior: internal, external, and transverse fuse
Posterior: rectus abdominis contacts with transversals fascia

38
Q

Linea alba

A

tendinous median raphe between the two rectus abdominis muscles, from by the fusion of the aponeuroses of the external, internal, and transverse muscles

extends from xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

39
Q

Linea semilunaris

A

curved line along the lateral border of rectus abdominis

40
Q

Arcuate line

A

crescent shaped line marking the inferior limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath; anterior to line that inferior epigastric artery to enter sheath

41
Q

Inguinal triangle

A

Medially: linea semilunaris (lateral edge of rectus abdomenus)
Laterally: lateral umbilical fold (formed by the inferior epigastric vessels)
Inferiorly: inguinal ligament

42
Q

Umbilical folds

A

in the suprapubic region, the parietal peritoneum is raised into 5 folds by 5 structures and run in the extra peritoneal tissue

43
Q

Median umbilical fold

A

raised by median umbilical ligament (fibroses urachus)

extends from apex of the urinary bladder towards the umbilicus

44
Q

Medial umbilical folds (2)

A

raised by medial umbilical ligaments (obliterated umbilical artery)

45
Q

Lateral umbilical ligaments (2)

A

raised by the inferior epigastric arteries in their way to rectus sheath

Anatomy Exam III (8 decks)

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