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anatomy > joints > Flashcards

joints Flashcards

1
Q

what is an articulation or joint? how are they named

A
  • place 2 bones come together

- named according bones or points united at joint.

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2
Q

what is function of a synarthrosis joint?

A
  • bony edges close together may even interlock. incredibly strong joints located where movememnt between bones must be prevented.
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3
Q

what is the classification and function of a suture?

A
  • fibrous synarthrotic joint located between bones of skull.
  • bound together at suture by dense fibrous connective tissue
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4
Q

what is the function of a Gomphosis joint?

A

-synarthrosis binds teeth to bony sockets in maxillae and mandible.

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5
Q

classification and function of synostosis joint?

A
  • synarthrosis body fusion.

- rigid, immovable joint made when 2 bones fuse together.

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6
Q

amphiarthrosis joint?

A
  • little movement
  • more movement than synarthrosis, much stronger than freely moveable joint. articulating bones connected by collagen fibres or cartilage.
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7
Q

What is the function of a syndesmosis joint?

A
  • amphiarthrosis

- bones connected by ligament. example distal articulation between tibia and fibula or ulna and radius

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8
Q

what is function and classification of a symphysis?

A
  • cartilaginous

- articulating bones separated by wedge or pad fibrous cartilage.

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9
Q

what is a diarthrosis joint?

A

-diarthrosis, or synovial joints, permit wider range motion than other joints. located usually at ends long bones.

monaxial: movement one plane, elbow, ankle, knee
biaxial-movement two planes- wrist
triaxial: movement three planes: shoulder and hip

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10
Q

what is function and classification of synovial fluid?

A

surrounds by joint capsule or articular capsule. joint capsule composed synovial membrane

  • lubrication
  • nourshes chondrocytes
  • shock absorber
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11
Q

what does a plane or gilding joint do?

A
  • monaxial
  • some rotation
  • intervertebral,intercarpal
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12
Q

classification and function of a saddle joint?

A
  • biaxial

- example thumb

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13
Q

what does a hinge joint do?

A
  • monaxial

- example elbow,ankle

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14
Q

what does a pivot joint do ?

A

*monaxial rotation around single axis

example articulation between end of axis and atlas.

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15
Q

what does an ellipsoid joint do?

A

*modified ball and socket
biaxial
-

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16
Q

what does a ball and socket joint do?

A

-multiaxial

ex shoulder and hip joints

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17
Q

classification and function of menisci joint?

A
  • fibrous cartilage
  • subdivide synovial cavity
  • channel flow synovial fluid
  • allow variations shapes of particular surfaces, restrict movements joint
18
Q

classification and function of fat pads?

A
  • found at periphery of joint

- protection for articular cartilages serve packing material for joint as a whole

19
Q

function and classification of ligaments?

A

3 kinds
accessory ligaments: support, strengthen, reinforce synovial joints

intrinsic ligaments: thickening of joint capsule

extrinsic ligaments: separate joint from capsule

20
Q

what does a tendon do?

A
  • pass across joint
  • presence may limit range motion
  • provide significant strength to capsule
21
Q

what does a bursae do?

A
  • fluid filled pockets in connective tissue

- reduce friction and act as shock absorber

22
Q

what are the angular ranges of motion of a joint?

A

active: amount movement accomplished by muscle contraction
passive: movement accomplished by outside force
abduction: movement away from body
adduction: brings movement back to body
flexion: movement in anterior, posterior plane reduces angle between articulating elements
extension: same plane as flexion. increases angle between articulating elements
hyperextension: limb extended beyond normal limits resulting in joint damage
circumduction: moving in loop

23
Q

what are the rotation types of movement?

A

medial: limbs move inward
external: limbs move outward
pronation: palms facing back
supination: palms facing up

24
Q

what are special movements ?

A

eversion: twisting motion foot. sole foot facing outward
inversion: twisting motion foot, sole facing inward
dorsiflexion: tens up

plantar flexion: toes down

lateral flexion: vertebral bend to side.

protraction: moving part body anteriorly in horizontal plane
retraction: moving part body posteriorly in horizontal plane
opposition: special movement of thumb

elevation and depression: stucture moves inferiorly or superiorly

25
Q

what kind of joint is a diarthrosis

A

combination plane and ellipsoid joint

26
Q

what kind joint is synovial

A

fibrocartilage disk divides joint into superior and inferior cavities

27
Q

what kind joint is multiaxial

A

allows depression, elevation, excursion, protraction, retraction

28
Q

A glenohumeral joint is?

A
  • multiaxial

- ball and socket,

29
Q

a diarthrosis of glenerohumeral joint is ?

A

combination of plane and ellipsoid joint

30
Q

synovial of glenerohumeraljoint is

A

-fibrocartilage disk divides joint superior and inferior cavities

31
Q

multiaxia of glenerohumerall joint

A

depression/ elevation, exvursion, protraction, retraction

Glenoid labrum: rim fibrocartilage built up around glenoid cavity. joint capsule attachment

bursae: subacromial and subscapular

rotator cuff: 4 muscles give stability to joint

32
Q

an elbow joint is

A
  • compound hinge joint

- humeroulnar joint

33
Q

diarthrosis of elbow is

A

-humeroradial joint

34
Q

a synovial joint of elbowis

A

-proximal radioulnar joint

35
Q

a hinge joint of elbowis

A
  • shape torchlear notch and trochlea. movement extension and flexion only
  • rounded head radius allows pronation and supination
  • ligaments
  • ulnar and radial collateral ligaments
36
Q

a hip joint is

A
  • diarthrosis, synovial, hinge, monoaxial
  • ball and socket with acetabelum deepened by fibrocartilage.
  • ligamentum teres: ligament of head of femur, bears nutrient artery
37
Q

knee joint is ?

A
  • diarthrosis, synovial, hinge, monoaxial
    menisci: build up margins tibia deepen articular surface

cruciate ligaments: extend between intercondylar eminence of tibia and fossa of femur

anterior cruciate ligaments: prevents anterior displacement of tibia

posterior cruciate ligament: prevents osterior displacement of tibia

collateral or popliteal ligaments: stengthen joint
bursae: may result slow accumulation fluid in joint

38
Q

knee joint injuries?

A
  • football injuries often tibial collateral ligament, cal and medial meniscus
  • bursitis

Chonddromalacia: softening cartilage due abnormal movement patella or accumulation fluid in fat posterior to patella

hemarthrosis: accumulation blood in joint

39
Q

ankle joint is

A
  • diarthrosis, synovial, modified hinge
  • highly modified hinge joint. holds bone proper relationship
  • transfer weigh
40
Q

most common joint injuries?

A
  • arthritis
  • osteoarthrisits
  • rheumatiod
  • joint infections
  • gout

anatomy (19 decks)

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