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anatomy > Integumentary system > Flashcards

Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the integumentary system and what does it do?

A
  • composed skin, it is your nails, sweat glands, oil gland and mammary glands.
  • examples are washing face, brushing hair and applying make up
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2
Q

what are the important functions of integumentary system?

A
  • physical protection from environmental hazards
  • coordination immune response to pathogens and cancers in skin
  • excretion
  • thermoregulation
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3
Q

what are the 2 parts of skin?

A
  • all 4 types tissue found within integument.
  • epithelium covers surface and underlying connective tissues provide strength and resiliency
  • smooth muscle tissue controls diameters blood vessels adjust positions of hairs that project above body surface
  • neural tissue contols smooth muscles monitors sensory receptors which provide sensations touch, pressure, temperature and pain.
  • 2 kinds EPIDERMIS and DERMIS
  • cutaneous membrane
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4
Q

Function of epidermis ?

A
  • AVASCULAR: nourished by diffusion from caipllaries from papillary layer of dermis
  • cells arranged into layers or strata
  • separated from DERMIS by basement membrane
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5
Q

what are layers of epidermis ?

A

1 stratum corneum-layers dead flattened keratinocytes

  • fairly dry
  • water resistant
  • permits slow water by insensible perspiration
  • consists cornified cells

2 stratum lucidum- glassy layer in thick skin only
- found PALMS and SOLES only

3stratum Granulosum- keratinocytes produce KERATOHYALIN and KERATIN

  • keratin fibres develop as cells become thinner later
  • cell membranes THICKEN. organelles disintegrate and cells die

4stratum spinosum-keratinocytes bound together by maculae attached to tonofibrils cytoskeleton
-keratin fibres develop cells become thinner and flatter

5 stratum Basale- deepest, basal layer

  • attachment to basal lamina
  • contains epidermal stem cells, melanocytes and merkel cells.
  • cells become keratinized
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6
Q

what are the cell types and functions of Epidermal cells?

A

keratinocytes- produce KERATIN for strength

melanocytes- skin color. melanin produced transferred to keratinocytes. same number melanocytes in each person.

langerhans cells- part immune system

merkels cells- detect light, touch and superficial pressure

desquamate cells- cells of deer layers undergo mitosis, move towards surface older cells die off

keratinization- cell moves outward through layers, fill with keratin, die serve as layer resists abrasion forms permeability layer.

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7
Q

what are layers of dermis layer and function?

A
  • part cutaneous membrane
  • gives structural strength. C.T lots fibres, fibroblasts, macrophages.
  • contains nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, lymphatic vessels

sensory functions: pain, itch, tickle, temperature, pressure and general sense

2 layers

Papillary layer- loose ct contains capillaries supplying epidermis and axons of sensory neurons that monitor receptors in papillary layer and epidermis.

Reticular layer- dense irregular ct surrounds blood vessels, hair follicles nerves, sweat glands and sebaceous glands. provides strength allows dermis stretch

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8
Q

function of hypodermis?

A
  • separats integument from deep fascia around organs like muscle and bone
  • consists loose connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibres
  • types cells fibroblasts adipose cells and macrophages

functions: energy source
- insulation
- padding

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9
Q

what is function of hair? exocrine glands? Nails?

A
  • accessory structures

hair: protects skull
- delicate touch sensations on general body surface

exocrine glands: assist thermoregulation

  • excretes waste
  • lubricates epidermis

nails: protect support tips fingers and toes

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10
Q

what are the 3 concentric layers of hair?

A

medulla: central axis. soft and flexible soft keratin.
cortex: hard keratin gives hair stiffness
cuticle: coats hair

external root sheath: extends from skin surface to hair matrix

glassy membrane: clear layer wrapped dense connective tissue sheath of follicles as whole

dermal root sheath: part dermis surrounds epithelial root sheath

epihelial root sheath:

  • internal contains STRATUM BASALE remain after injury supply source new epidermis
  • hairs pulled out white bulb part is epithelial root sheath
  • internal matrix source hair
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11
Q

What is the hair growth and resting stages?

A
  1. active phase 2-5 years. grows .33 mm a day

2regression, transitions to resting phase

3 during resting phase hair loses attachment to follicle becomes club hair.

  • regular hair loss means hair being replaced
  • PATTERN BALDNESS most common cause permanent hair loss
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12
Q

what is muscles of hair?

A

ARRECTOR PILI- smooth muscle.

  • contraction causes hair stand on end squeezes sebaceous gland, forcing waxy secretions into follicle onto surface of skin
  • skin pushed up by movement hair follicle
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13
Q

what causes different hair colour?

A
  • varying amounts and types MELANIN.

- MELANIN brown-black and red

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14
Q

function and classification of glands?

A
  • makes large amount LIPIDS
  • mature lipid and released through holocrine
  • prevents drying inhibit bacteria growth
  • turned on/off by autonomic nervous system. no regional control. 1 on they are all on
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15
Q

what is the function of sweat glands

A
  • 2 kinds apocrine and merocrine

- contain MYOEPITHELIAL cells which SQUEEZE gland discharge accumulated secretions

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16
Q

function of apocrine sweat glands ?

A
  • release secretion hair follicles axillae, nipples, groin
  • secrete PHEROMONES. communicate info other individuals at subconscious level
  • turned on off by autonomic nervous system, no regional conrol possible. 1 on all on.
17
Q

Function and classification of merocrine sweat glands?

A
  • way more numerous widely distributed apocrine
  • PALMS and SOLES have highest amount
  • contains water, electrolytes
  • significant excretory route water electrolytes well as number prescription non prescription drugs
  • precisely controlled, amount of secretion and area body varied
18
Q

function mammary glands

A

-modified apocrine sweat glands

19
Q

function ceruminous glands

A
  • modified merocrine sweat glands
  • earwax
  • prevent dirt and insects from entry keep eardrum supple
20
Q

what are 3 types of hair?

A

vellus hairs: peach fuzz hairs found over much of body surface

intermediate hairs: change distribution, suchas hairs upper and lower legs

terminal hairs: heavy, deeply pigmented, sometimes curly. hairs on head, including eyebrows and eyelashes examples of terminal hairs

21
Q

What are the features of a fingernail?

A 
1 free edge
2 lateral nail fold
3lunula
4eponychium
5proximal nail fold
6nail root
7 hyponchum

anatomy (19 decks)

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