Joints Flashcards
What are the functions of joints?
Allow 3D movement
Weight-bearing
Transfer load evenly on musculoskeletal system
3 types of joint?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What type of joints are synarthroses? Example!
Immovable joints, mostly fibrous joints
Skull sutures
What type of joints are amphiarthroses? Example!
Slightly moveable joints, mostly cartilaginous joint
Intervertebral discs
What type of joints are diarthroses?
Freely movable joints, mostly synovial joints
Hip
There are 3 types of fibrous joint. Name and briefly describe them.
SUTURES
as in the skull
SYNDESMOSES
bones connected by a cord (ligament) or sheet (interosseous membrane)
GOMPHOSES
peg in socket - teeth
There are 2 types of cartilaginous joint. Name and briefly describe them.
SYNCHONDROSES
bones directly connected by hyaline cartilage, slightly moveable - costal cartilages
SYMPHYSES
pad or plate of fibrocartilage - pubis symphisis, intervertebral discs
What are the 5 characteristic features of synovial joints?
- Articular cartilage
- hyaline cartilage - Joint capsule
- inner layer is synovial membrane - Joint (synovial cavity)
- space filled with synovial fluid - Synovial fluid
- slippery fluid occupying free spaces of joint capsules & articular cartilages - Reinforcing ligaments
- intrinsic, extrinsic & intracapsular
3 types of cartilage?
FIBROCARTILAGE
strong, parallel lines, IV disc
ELASTIC
elastic, elastin, swirly lines
HYALINE
surfaces of bone, dots
What is a bursa?
Fluid filled sacs lined by synovial membrane
What is a meniscus?
Disc of fibrocartilage
Describe hyaline cartilage.
Frictionless Resists compressive loads High water content Low cell count No blood supply cells respire anaerobically due to lack of oxygen
Where does synovial fluid come from? What’s in it?
It is plasma modified by synoviocytes
Fluid, proteins, charged sugars that bind water
What does synovial fluid do?
Reduces friction during articulation
Where is the synovial membrane?
On the joint capsule
It encloses the joint (synovial) cavity
