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Systems Pathology Exam One > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

0
Q

What are some immune-mediated joint conditions?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosis spondylitis

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1
Q

What are some degenerative joint disorders?

A

Osteoarthritis aka degenerative joint disease

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2
Q

What is the most common joint disorder?

A

Osteoarthritis

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3
Q

What is affected with osteoarthritis?

A

Degeneration of articular cartilage occurs (collagen)

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4
Q

What substance is decreased in OA and what is the result of that reduction?

A

Decreased proteoglycans leading to matrix breakdown

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5
Q

Is OA largely inflammatory?

A

Not necessarily (“itis”

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6
Q

What causes OA?

A

Both mechanical wear and tear from aging along with a genetic influence

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7
Q

Which type of OA occurs without trauma and is common among adults?

A

Primary

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8
Q

Which type of OA is insidious in onset and is oligocarticular in nature?

A

Primary

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9
Q

Which type of OA is associated with trauma or obesity, deformity, or a systemic disease?

A

Secondary

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10
Q

Which type of OA involves a predisposing injury or deformity?

A

Secondary

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11
Q

What are the common specific locations for OA?

A

Spine (cervical, lumbar), DIP joints, 1st metacarpal joint, 1st tarsal metatarsal joint

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12
Q

What is the most common location for OA in females?

A

Knees and hands

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13
Q

What is the most common location for OA in males?

A

Hips

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14
Q

What occurs to the intervertebral discs and is seen on X-ray during OA?

A

Dehydration of discs

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15
Q

When can inflammation in OA develop?

A

After full blown degeneration

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16
Q

What are the functions of articular cartilage?

A

Decrease friction and shock allow load absorption

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17
Q

OA disrupts the function of what cells?

A

Chondrocytes

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18
Q

What are risks for OA?

A

Mechanical stress, age 50s-60s, genetics, increased bone density, increased circulating estrogen

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19
Q

Insidious onset, deep/achy pain, crepitus, decreased range of motion, and worse pain the morning are all associated with what joint condition?

A

OA

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20
Q

What affect can osteophytes in OA have on nerves?

A

Possible impingement of nerve roots

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21
Q

What is the treatment for OA?

A

Palliative: ice, heat, NSAIDs, adjust, joint replacement

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22
Q

What is ankylosis?

A

Abnormal fusion of joints

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23
Q

Is ankylosis present in OA?

A

No no no no no no noooooo

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24
Q

Is ankylosis present in rheumatoid arthritis?

25
Q

OA is more common among which gender?

26
Q

What is the name for the enlargement of the DIP joints?

A

Heberden’s nodes

27
Q

What is the name for the visual enlargement of the PIP joints?

A

Bouchard’s nodes

28
Q

Which joint disease is a systemic, chronic autoimmune disease?

29
Q

RA results in what effect on the joints?

A

Increased collagenase and osteoclast activity

30
Q

The biomarker, HLA-DRB1, is a risk factor for what joint issue?

31
Q

What two things are commonly tested for when checking for RA?

A

Anti-CCP antibodies and rheumatoid factor (RF)

32
Q

In 70% of cases, RA patients test positive for what?

A

Anti-CCP antibodies

33
Q

What is another cause of testing positive for anti-CCP antibodies?

A

Inflammation due to smoking or infection

34
Q

80% of people, with RA will test positive for what test?

A

Rheumatoid factor

35
Q

What are the most common specific locations for RA?

A

MCP and PIP joints (Bouchard’s nodes)

36
Q

What is the name for the visual swelling in the fingers seen with RA?

A

Fusiform swelling

37
Q

What is significant about the patients with RA and their C1/C2 region?

A

30% demonstrate atlanto-axial instability

38
Q

Pannus is associated with what joint condition?

39
Q

Swan neck deformity and ulnar deviation are associated with what joint condition?

40
Q

Which joint condition has relatively symmetric defects?

41
Q

What is a condition that is similar to RA but shows up negative for RF and positive for HLA-B27 (seronegative)?

A

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies

42
Q

What is the unique location for the inflammation seen with seronegative spondyloarthropathies?

A

Sacroiliitis, spinal ligaments (syndesmophytes)

43
Q

What are the categories of seronegative arthropathies?

A

Psoriatic arthritis (psoriasis), enteropathic arthritis (IBD), ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis

44
Q

What is the most common diagnosis when a negative test for RF is seen?

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

45
Q

What gender is more likely to develop juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

46
Q

What is the most common age for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis to be causing pain?

47
Q

What is Still’s disease?

A

Spiking fever, rash, pericarditis

48
Q

In what location does inflammation typically occur with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Large joints like the knee and hip leading to dysfunction

49
Q

What is the other name for ankylosing spondylitis (AS)?

A

Marie-Strumpell disease

50
Q

What part of the skeleton is affected by ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Axial skeleton

51
Q

Where do you see referred pain with ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Gluteal region

52
Q

What is the actual pain in ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Sacro iliac joint

53
Q

Bamboo spine is associated with what joint condition?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

54
Q

What is the typical onset age for ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Before the age of 40

55
Q

Characteristic morning stiffness after thirty minutes of being awake is associated with what joint condition?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

56
Q

Nocturnal low back pain that is unrelieved when lying down is associated with what joint condition?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

57
Q

95% of ankylosing spondylitis cases test positive for what test?

58
Q

Where is a secondary location for ankylosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Rib joints

59
Q

Syndesmophytes are indicative of what general joint condition?

A

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies

60
Q

Trolley track sign and dagger sign on X-ray is indicative of what condition?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

61
Q

What are the effects of ankylosing spondylitis?

A

Decreased flexion and lordosis leaded to a hunched appearance

Systems Pathology Exam One (7 decks)

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