Joints

Question 1

Synarthroses

Answer 1

Non-synovial; fixed joints with little to no movement

Question 2

Diarthroses

Answer 2

Synovial; freely moveable

Question 3

Amphiarthroses

Answer 3

Little motion

Question 4

Synostosis

Answer 4

bone connected to bone; ex. joints in the mature skull

Question 5

Syndesmosis

Answer 5

Fibrous joints. Bone that connects to bone via cartilage or other fibrous tissue
Lots of stability, slight mobility
- High ankle sprain

Question 6

Synchondrosis

Answer 6

Some type of hyaline or fibrocartilage that connects the bone together while providing stability/ mobility
- Growth plate, interverebral discs

Question 7

Components of a Synovial Joint

Answer 7

Fibrous Joint Capsule
Joint cavity
Synovial membrane
Synovial Fluid
Articular (hyaline) cartilage

Question 8

Joint Capsule Characteristics

Answer 8

Outer layer
Attached to outer layer of the bone (periosteum)
ligaments may/ may not be seperated from the capsule
limited blood supply

Question 9

Synovial Membrane Characteristics

Answer 9

inner layer

Secretes synovial fluid

Question 10

Synovial fluid

Answer 10

thick clear fluid that lubricates and nourishes joints

Question 11

Uniaxial

Answer 11

motion occurs in one plane around a single axis

Question 12

Biaxial

Answer 12

motion occurs in two places around two axes

Question 13

Multi axial

Answer 13

free to move around 3 planes and 3 axis

Question 14

Simple Structure

Answer 14

one articular surface on each bony member of joint

Question 15

Compound Structure

Answer 15

more than one articular surface on each bony member

Question 16

Complex Strucutre

Answer 16

contains an intra-articular disc or cartilage

Question 17

Bursa

Answer 17

Fluid filled sacs that help prevent friction and cushions

Question 18

Labrum

Answer 18

Shoulder and hip; added layer that helps add depth to joint

Question 19

Fat Pad

Answer 19

located within the joint capsule, highly innervated, most prominent at the knee joint

Question 20

Ligaments

Answer 20

Attach bone to bone

Question 21

Tendons

Answer 21

attach muscle to bone

Question 22

Arthrokinematics

Answer 22

movement that occurs at the joint surface during the osteokinematic motion that is controlled by internal forces (accessory motion)

Question 23

Concave on convex

Answer 23

when the convex surface is fixed on the concave surface is moving on it, roll and glide occur in same direction

Question 24

Convex on concave

Answer 24

when the concave surface is fixed and the convex surface is moving on it, roll and glide occur in opposite directions

Question 25

AROM

Answer 25

unrestricted ROM that is produced by active contraction of the muscles crossing that joint

Question 26

PROM

Answer 26

unrestricted range of the joint and is produced entirely by an external force

Question 27

Information obtained through PROM

Answer 27

Amount of movement available at joint
Quality of motion
End feel

Question 28

Normal End Feels

Answer 28

bony approximations

tissue stretch: normal feel of mm and capsule at the end of ROM

Question 29

Empty end feels

Answer 29

end feel that is limited due to pain

Question 30

Bony end feel

Answer 30

occurs prior to when it should or at a joint that normally would not be a bony feel

Question 31

Capsular end feel

Answer 31

tissue stretch

early in ROM before normal end range

Question 32

Springy block

Answer 32

meniscal tearq

Question 33

spasm/ hard

Answer 33

hard end feel

Question 34

interrater reliability

Answer 34

repeat measurements yourself

Question 35

intrarater reliability

Answer 35

repeat with other measurements