Joints

Question 1

What is a joint

Answer 1

Where 2 or more bones meet

Question 2

2 Joint functions-

Answer 2

1. Mobility
2. Hold skeleton together

Question 3

3 joint functions classifications

Answer 3

1. Synarthroses
2. Amphiarthroses
3. Diaryhroses

Question 4

Synarthroses

Answer 4

Immovable

Question 5

Amphiarthroses

Answer 5

Slightly moveable

Question 6

Diarthroses

Answer 6

Freely moveable

Question 7

3 joint structure classifications

Answer 7

1. Fibrous
2. Cartilaginous
3. Synovial

Question 8

Fibrous joint

Answer 8

Immovable

Question 9

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 9

Both rigid & slightly moveable

Question 10

Synovial joint

Answer 10

Freely moveable

Question 11

3 types of fibrous joints

Answer 11

1. Suture
2. Syndesmosis
3. Gomphosis

Question 12

Suture

Answer 12

Interlocked, very little connective tissue

Question 13

Syndesmosis

Answer 13

Held by ligament, longer than sutures

Question 14

Gomphosis

Answer 14

Peg in socket
Ex teeth

Question 15

2 types of cartilaginous joint

Answer 15

1. Synchondroses
2. Symphyses

Question 16

Synchondroses

Answer 16

Bones united by hyaline cartilage
Ex. Btwn rib n sternum

Question 17

Symphyses

Answer 17

Bones united by fibrocartilage
Ex. Pubic synthesis

Question 18

6 features Synovial joints

Answer 18

1. Articular cartilage
2. Joint cavity
3. Articular capsule
4. Synovial space
5. Reinforcing ligaments
6. Rich nerve supply

Question 19

Articular cartilage

Answer 19

Hyaline cartilage on opposing bone surface

Question 20

Joint cavity

Answer 20

Space between joint w/ synovial fluid

Question 21

Articular capsule

Answer 21

2 layer- fibrous and synovial- enclosure around joint

Question 22

Synovial space

Answer 22

In cavity,
Reduces friction

Question 23

Reinforcing ligaments

Answer 23

Reinforce

Question 24

Rich nerve supply

Answer 24

Lots of sensory fibres around joints

Question 25

2 Synovial joint occasional features

Answer 25

1. Bursae
2. Tendon sheaths

Question 26

Bursae

Answer 26

Protective cushion-
Flattened fibrous sacs filled & lined w synovual membranes w/ synovual fluid inside

Question 27

Tendon sheaths

Answer 27

When bursae wraps tendons to reduce friction

Question 28

3 factors increasing stability of synovial joints

Answer 28

1. Shape of articular surfaces
2. Ligaments
3. Muscle tone

Question 29

Synovial joint movements- skeletal muscle attachment

Answer 29

1. Origin- attached to immovable
2. Insertion- attached to moveable

Question 30

4 Synovial plane amounts

Answer 30

Non axial
Uni axial
Bi axial
Multi axial

Question 31

Non axial plane

Answer 31

Gliding movement only

Question 32

Uni axial plane

Answer 32

Movement in 1 plane

Question 33

Bi axial plane

Answer 33

Movement in 2 planes

Question 34

Multi axial

Answer 34

Moving freely

Question 35

8 Synovial joint movements

Answer 35

Gliding
Flexion- decrease angle
Extension- increase angle
Abduction- away from body
Adduction- towards body
Circumduction- circular
Medial rotation- turning foot inward
Lateral rotation- turning foot out

Question 36

6 types of synovial joint shapes

Answer 36

1. Plane
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Condylar
5. Saddle
6. Ball & socket

Question 37

Plane joint

Answer 37

Gliding
Hands and feet

Question 38

Hinge joint

Answer 38

Flexion & extension
Elbow

Question 39

Pivot joint

Answer 39

2 joints moving around each other
Radius/ulna

Question 40

Condylar joint

Answer 40

2 types of movement
Fingers

Question 41

Saddle joint

Answer 41

Like saddle- articular surfaces covering one another
Thumb

Question 42

Ball & socket

Answer 42

Ball attaches to socket
Shoulder & hip

Question 43

5 main synovial joints

Answer 43

1. Jaw
2. Shoulder
3. Elbow
4. Hip
5. Knee