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IPHY 3410 - Exam 2 > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

Joint

A

Articulation (point where bones meet and connect)

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2
Q

Diarthrotic joint

A

Freely moveable (shoulder, knee, wrist, etc.)

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3
Q

Amiphiarthrotic joint

A

Slightly moveable (intervertebral discs)

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4
Q

Synarthrotic joint

A

Immoveable (tooth in socket)

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5
Q

Synostosis

A

Two bones fused into one by bone tissue (formed at various ages, when bones fuse at joint)

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6
Q

Does synostosis have mobility?

A

No! not considered a joint

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7
Q

What are examples of synostosis?

A

Coxal bone fuses from 3 parts (by adulthood) and skull bones fuse together after middle age

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8
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Bones joined by dense regular CT

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9
Q

What is the mobility of fibrous joints?

A

Synarthrotic to diarthrotic

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10
Q

Suture

A

Between most skull bones (syn)

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11
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Length of fibers varies, determines mobility

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12
Q

What are two examples of syndesmosis joints?

A

Distal tibiofibular joint (syn), interosseous membrane in forearm (di)

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13
Q

Gomphosis

A

Between tooth and socket (syn)

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14
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Bones joined by cartilage

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15
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Bones joined by hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

What are two examples of synchondrosis joints?

A

Epiphyseal plate (syn), 1st sternocostal joint (syn)

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17
Q

Symphysis

A

Main cartilage is fibrocartilage (maybe hyaline)

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18
Q

What are two examples of symphysis joints?

A

Intervertebral disc (amp), pubic symphysis (amp)

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19
Q

Synovial joints

A

Bones separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity

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20
Q

What are examples of synovial joints?

A

Knee, shoulder, knuckle, wrist, ribs, sternum, ear bones (ALL DI)

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21
Q

Joint cavity

A

Contains synovial fluid, blood filtrate, lubricates, nourishes articular cartilage

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22
Q

Articular capsule (inner layer)

A

Synovial membrane; produces synovial fluid by filtration

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23
Q

Articular capsule (outer layer)

A

Fibrous capsule

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24
Q

What kind of CT is in the articular capsule?

A

Dense irregular CT

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25
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Made of hyaline cartilage, protects bones by absorbing compression forces

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26
Q

Reinforcing ligaments

A

Dense regular CT that connects bone to bone

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27
Q

What are the three kinds of reinforcing ligaments that may occur?

A

Capsular, extracapsular, intracapsular

28
Q

Capsular

A

Thickened part of capsule

29
Q

Extracapsular

A

Outside the capsule (fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of knee)

30
Q

Intracapsular

A

Inside the capsule (anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments of knee)

31
Q

Articular disc (meniscus)

A

Evens out distribution of compression forces, helps stabilize joint, allows additional movements (jaw)

32
Q

Where is the articular disc?

A

In a few synovial joints

32
Q

What kind of tissue is in the articular disc?

A

Fibrocartilage b/c it adds more collagen for tension resistance

32
Q

Bursae

A

Closed sacs of synovial fluid that prevent friction among structures

33
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

34
Q

Tendon sheath

A

A bursa wrapped around a tendon

35
Q

Anterior-posterior axis

A

Anterior to/from posterior

36
Q

Superior-inferior axis

A

Superior to/from inferior

37
Q

Left-right axis

A

Left to/from right

38
Q

Movement around a _____ corresponds to movement within a ______

A

Axis, plane

39
Q

Translational (linear) movement

A

Move in a straight line (no specific plane/axis)

40
Q

Angular movement

A

Change angle between two bone (bending leg), moves around axis

41
Q

Rotation movement

A

Bone moves around its own longitudinal axis (rotating arm forward and back, not changing angle)

42
Q

What are the four linear movements?

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction

43
Q

Elevation

A

Move superiorly (up)

44
Q

Depression

A

Move inferiorly (down)

45
Q

Protraction

A

Move anteriorly (away from face)

46
Q

Retraction

A

Move posteriorly (towards face)

47
Q

What movement does the articular disc use in the jaw?

A

Protraction, retraction

48
Q

Angular movement

A

Change angle between two bones

49
Q

Abduction

A

Move AWAY from midline

50
Q

Adduction

A

Move TOWARD midline

51
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease joint angle (pop leg backward)

52
Q

Extension

A

Increase joint angle (kick leg forward)

53
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement that describes a cone in space (making a circle in air, queen wave, backstroke)

54
Q

What are the special movements of the feet?

A

Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, eversion

55
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Turn foot upward

56
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Turn foot downward (trying to make foot straight with leg)

57
Q

Inversion

A

Turn sole of foot medially (toward other foot)

58
Q

Eversion

A

Turn sole of foot laterally (eversion ankle sprain)

59
Q

Rotation

A

Bone moves around its own longitudinal axis

60
Q

Left rotation (axial)

A

Turn anterior surface to left

61
Q

Right rotation (axial)

A

Turn anterior surface to right

62
Q

Medial rotation (appendicular)

A

Turn anterior surface toward midline

63
Q

Lateral rotation (appendicular)

A

Turn anterior surface away from midline

64
Q

Pronation

A

Turn palms posterior (playing the piano, medial rotation)

65
Q

Supination

A

Turn palms anterior (holding soup, lateral rotation)

IPHY 3410 - Exam 2 (5 decks)

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