Joints Flashcards
What are joints and what is their primary function
functional connections between the bones of the skeleton and between cartilages
they give the skeleton mobility and hold it together
Tendon vs ligament
tendon - muscle to bone
ligament - bone to bone
3 structural classifications of joints
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
3 functional classifications of joints
synarthrosis (no/very little movement)
amphiarthrosis (slight movement)
diarthrosis (freely movable)
fibrous joints characteristics
joined by collagen fibres
no joint cavity
little to no movement
3 types of fibrous joints
syndesmosis (ligament)
sutures (skull)
gomphosis (peg in socket - aviolar sockets that hold teeth)
cartilaginous joints characteristics
joint by cartilage, no joint cavity, little to no movement
cartilaginous joint types
synchondrosis (plate of hyaline cartilage unites bones)
symphysis (fibrocartilage unites bones) eg. left and right side of pubic bone
synovial joints characteristics
bones separated by a fluid filled cavity
synovial joint types
gliding / plane hinge pivot ellipsoid/condylar saddle ball and socket
functional types of synovial joints
non axial - slide
mono or unilaxial
biaxial
tri/multiaxial
distinguishing features at a synovial joint
articular cartilage - covers ends of bones to prevent damage
joint cavity - actual fluid filled cavity
articular capsule - outer fibrous layer and inner synovial membrane which produces and secretes synovial fluid
synovial fluid
ligaments - from bone to bone to stabilise joint
nerves and blood vessels - sensory input and blood to nourish provide oxygen and dispose of waste
actual bones
accessory structures of synovial joints
menisci - fibrocartilage that seperate articular surface of joints to improve fit stabilise joint and reduce tear and wear
fat pads - cushioning between fibrous layer of articular capsule and bone
tendons
bursae - fluid filled sacks the provide protections (bursitis inflammation)
what is movement of joints limited by
shape of articulating surface (bones)
menisci and discs
ligaments and the joint capsule (eg. ankle dislocation of soul in or out in is more common as shape of ligaments of lateral foot are more prominent)
muscle action/tendon tension
main synovial joints
knee shoulder elbow hip jaw (also ankles)