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PT 506 Kinesiology > Joint Structure and Function > Flashcards

Joint Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Open Kinematic Chain

A

Distal joint segment is free to move while proximal segment provides stability

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2
Q

Closed Kinematic Chain

A

Distal joint segment is “fixed” from moving while proximal segments are allowed to move on stable distal segment

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3
Q

Stability Joints

A

Simple Designs

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4
Q

Mobility Joints

A

More complex joints

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5
Q

Transegrity

A

Joints that serve stability and mobility roles

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6
Q

Arthoses

A

1) Synarthroses/Synarthrodial (nonsynovial)

2) Diarthroses/Diarthrodial

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7
Q

Synarthroses

A

1) Fibrous

2) Cartilagenous Tissue

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8
Q

Diarthroses/Diarthrodial (synovial)

A

Friction free environment

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9
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

1) Sutures
2) Gomphoses
3) Syndesmoses

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10
Q

Sutures

A

Bone united by collagenous sutural ligament or membrane
Shapes interlock or overlap
Occurs only in the skull

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11
Q

Gomphosis

A

Surfaces adapted like a peg in hole
Connected via fibrous tissue
Teeth

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12
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Bones joined directly by an interosseous ligament or cord or aponeurotic membrane
Small amount of motion
EX: between radius and ulna

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13
Q

Cartilagenous Joints

A

1) Symphysis Joint

2) Synchondrosis Joint

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14
Q

Symphysis Joint

A

Secondary Joint

Covered by thin lamina of hyaline cartilage & directly joined by fibrocartilage in the form of disks or pads

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15
Q

Synchondrosis Joint

A

Primary Cartilagenous
Hyaline cartilage joins the surface
Forms a bond at ossifying centers
Permits growth, stability

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16
Q

Diarthoses

A

End of bony components are free to move

Synovial Joints

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17
Q

Synovial Joint Construction

A

Joint Capsule
Joint Cavity
Synovial tissue lining inner capsule face
Synovial fluid
Hyaline cartilage/AC lining contiguous bones

18
Q

Joint Capsule

A

Ranges from thin, loose, redundant to thick and dense

19
Q

Stratum Fibrosum

A

Outer Fibrous capsule composed of DCT
Type I collagen
Poorly vascularized and richly innervated

20
Q

Stratum Synovium

A

Inner synovial fluid production

Highly vascularized and richly innervated

21
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Thin film that covers inner layer of joint capsule and AC
Reduces friction and provides nourishment
Composed of hyaluronic Acid and Lubricin

22
Q

Hyaluronic Acid

A

Responsible for viscosity of fluid and reduction of friction

23
Q

Lubricin

A

Responsible for cartilage on cartilage lubrication

24
Q

Thixotropic Property

A

Semi-solid fluid state

Viscosity varies inversely with joint velocity or rate shear

25
Q

Uniaxial diarthroses

A

1 plane of motion around 1 axis

26
Q

Biaxial diarthroses

A

2 planes of motion around 2 axes

27
Q

Triaxial diarthroses

A

3 planes of motion around 3 axis

28
Q

Trochoid Joint

A

Pivot joints

Ring shaped component and other component rotates in the ring

29
Q

Ovoid Joint

A

Any joint with one surface convex while the other is concave

30
Q

Biaxial Diarthrodial Joints

A

Condyloid Joints

Saddle Joints

31
Q

Multiaxial Joints

A

Plane Joints

Ball and Socked Joints

32
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Movement of one bony shaft in relation to another in a particular plane

33
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Movement of joint surfaces in relation to each other

Accessory movements occur in combination with each other

34
Q

Loss in arthrokinematics may ____

A

equal loss in gross osteokinematic ROM

35
Q

Roll

A

Rolling ball, occurs in the direction of osteokinematic motion

36
Q

Slide/Glide

A

Skate on ice or intervertebral facet joint motion; direction of motion dependent on joint structure

37
Q

Spin

A

Marble spinning on a table; radius on capitulum

38
Q

Concave-Convex Rule

A

When a concave articular surface moves on a stationary convex surface, roll and slide occur in the same direction

39
Q

Concave-Convex Rule

A

Convex surface moving on a concave surface; roll and slide occur in opposite directions

Must have a force couple

40
Q

Closed Vs Open Chain

A

Osteo and arthrokinematic movements are typically the same in open or closed chain; but the timing, sequence, or magnitude may be different

41
Q

Reaction force

A

Produced within a passive structure to resist compressive or tensile forces and is a result of the structure of anatomical tissue

PT 506 Kinesiology (10 decks)

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