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Spinal Biomechanics > Joint dysfunction > Flashcards

Joint dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of Joint dysfunction/subluxation?

A

P.A.R.T.S. -pain (location, quality and intensity) -asymmetry -range of motion abnormality -tone, texture, temperature abnormality -special tests

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2
Q

What are the 3 causes of joint dysfunction/subluxation?

A

macrotrauma (ex: MVA) microtrauma (ex: carpal tunnel) posture (anterior head carriage)

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3
Q

What is a complex clinical syndrome with potential mechanical, inflammatory, vascular and neurobiologic pathologic effects?

A

subluxation syndrome

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4
Q

What are subtle mechanical joint alterations affecting quality and range of motion?

A

joint dysfunction

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5
Q

What is the state whereby an articulation has become temporarily immobilized in a position that it may normally occupy during any phase of physiologic movement?

A

joint fixation

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6
Q

What is a limitation in movement called?

A

joint restriction

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7
Q

What does a subluxation mean in orthopedics/medicine?

A

partial or incomplete dislocation

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8
Q

What are the two different meanings of subluxation in chiropractic?

A

-traditional meaning is a joint causing nervous system compromise producing suboptimal health -modern meaning is a local biomechanics effect

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9
Q

What are the classic components of the physical exam?

A

-observation -palpation -percussion -auscultation

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10
Q

What are the components of the physical exam of the NMS?

A

-observation (superficial, posture and gait) -range of motion (goniometry and inclinometry) -palpation (static and motion palpation) -muscle testing (resisting movement on a scale of 0-5) -orthopedic testing -neurologic testing -percussion and auscultation

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11
Q

What is the diagnosis when there is the presence of joint dysfunction without any further pathophysiologic process?

A

primary joint dysfunction

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12
Q

When a primary somatic problem causes a secondary somatic problem?

A

somatosomatic reflex ex: muscle hypertonicity secondary to spinal joint dysfunction

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13
Q

When a primary somatic problem causes a secondary visceral problem?

A

somatovisceral reflex ex: constipation secondary to lumbopelvic joint dysfunction

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14
Q

When a primary visceral problem causes a secondary somatic problem?

A

viscerosomatic reflex ex: thoracic dysfunction secondary to GI disease

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15
Q

Palpatory diagnosis of somatic structures in a neutral position?

A

static palpation -evaluates soft tissue and bone/cartilage

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16
Q

Palpatory diagnosis of passive and active segmental joint range of motion

A

motion palpation

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17
Q

Discrete, short range movements of a joint independent of the action of voluntary muscles, determined by springing each vertebrae in the neutral position?

A

joint play

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18
Q

Movement accomplished without outside assistance - patient does the movement?

A

Active ROM

19
Q

Movement which is carried through by the operator without conscious assistance or resistance by the patient?

A

Passive ROM

20
Q

The end point of active joint movement?

A

Physiological Barrier

21
Q

Discrete, short range movements of the joint independent of the action of voluntary muscles, determined by springing each vertebrae at the limit of its passive range of motion?

A

end play

22
Q

The elastic resistance that is felt at the end of passive range of movement - further motion toward the anatomic barrier limit can be induced?

A

elastic barrier

23
Q

Area of increased movement beyond the elastic barrier available after cavitation within the joint’s elastic range?

A

paraphysiological space

24
Q

The limit of motion imposed by anatomic structures where movement beyond it would cause tissue damage?

A

anatomic limit

25
Q

What is #1?

A

joint play

26
Q

What is #2, from neutral position to physiological barrier?

A

active range of motion

27
Q

What is #3, from neutral to elastic barrier?

A

passive range of motion

28
Q

What is #4?

A

physiological barrier

29
Q

What is #5?

A

End Play Zone

30
Q

What is #6?

A

Elastic barrier

31
Q

What is #7?

A

paraphysiological space

32
Q

What is #8?

A

anatomic line

33
Q

What is #9?

A

range where joint trauma/tissue damage occurs

34
Q

What are the different types of end play?

A
  • capsular (firm but giving)
  • ligamentous (firmer and also giving)
  • soft tissue approximation (giving with squeezing quality)
  • bony (hard, nongiving stop)
  • muscular (not as stiff as capsular or ligamentous)
  • muscle spasm (protective muscle splinting due to injury)
  • interarticular (bouncy, springy quality)
  • empty (unusual give and deformation)
35
Q

No muscle contraction detected would be what grade in muscle testing?

A

0

36
Q

Trace muscle contraction would be what grade in muscle testing?

A

1

37
Q

Movement without force of gravity applied would be what grade in muscle testing?

A

2

38
Q

Movement that is able to resist gravity is what grade in muscle testing?

A

3

39
Q

Movement that is able to resist gravity against some additional resistance is what grade in muscle testing?

A

4

40
Q

Movement that is able to resist gravity and full resistance is what grade in muscle testing?

A

5

41
Q

A minor musculotendinous lesion of less than 20% would have what symptoms and classification?

A
  • strong and painful
  • 1º or 2º strain
42
Q

A partial musculotendinous rupture with 20-80% tear would have what symptoms and classification?

A
  • weak and painful
  • 2º strain
43
Q

A complete musculotendinous rupture with more than 80% torn would have what symptoms and classification?

A
  • weak and (initially) painless during “golden period”
  • 3º strain

Spinal Biomechanics (5 decks)

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