Arthrology Flashcards
Branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of a body without reference to the forces that produce the motion?
Kinematics
Branch of mechanics that deals with the relations between the force system acting on a body and the changes it produces in the body motion?
Kinetics
A line around which rotatory movement takes place or along which translation occurs?
Axis
Motion in which all points of a rigid body do not move in a single plane?
out of plane motion
The pivot point around which motion occurs?
instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR)
Smallest spinal segment (only 2 adjacent vertebrae) exhibiting biomechanical characteristics?
motion segment
Association of one motion about one axis with another motion about a second axis?
coupled motion
The number of ways in which a body can move?
degrees of freedom
How many degrees of freedom does the spine exhibit?
6 degrees
The resting or “neutral” position of a joint, when the greatest amount of play is possible and the capsule is most relaxed?
Loose-packed
The position of a joint when the capsule and ligaments are maximally tightened and there is maximal contact between the articular surfaces?
close-packed
What are the structural joint classifications?
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial
What are the functional joint classifications?
synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis
What are the types of fibrous joints?
suture
syndesmosis
gomphosis
What are the types of cartilaginous joints?
synchondrosis
symphysis
What are the types of synovial joints?
non axial (plane)
uniaxial (hinge, pivot)
biaxial (condylar, ellipsoid, saddle)
triaxial (ball and socket)
Cranial sutures are an example of what structural joint classification?
fibrous suture
Distal tibifibular joint is an example of what structural joint classification?
fibrous syndesmosis
A joint formed by fibrous connective tissue?
Fibrous joint, has little if any movement
Joint between a tooth and socket is an example of what structural joint classification?
fibrous gomphosis
Epiphyseal plates are an example of what structural joint classification?
cartilaginous synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage)
Pubic symphysis and IVDs are examples of what structural joint classification?
cartilaginous symphysis (fibrocartilaginous)
Facets joints in the spine are examples of what structural joint classifications?
Synovial plane (nonaxial)
Elbow and interphalangeal joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?
Synovial hinge (uniaxial)
Atlantoaxial and radioulnar joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?
Synovial pivot (uniaxial)
Knee joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?
Synovial condylar (biaxial)
Radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?
synovial ellipsoid (biaxial)
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of what structural joint classifications?
synovial saddle (biaxial)
The hip and shoulder joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?
Synovial ball and socket (triaxial)
The functional classification of a joint with negligible movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?
synarthrosis, fibrous
The functional classification of a joint with limited movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?
amphiarthrosis, cartilaginous
The functional classification of a joint with free movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?
diarthrosis, synovial
The study of movement occurring between two bones?
osteokinematics
MacConaill’s classification of joint movement is concerned with what?
the movement occurring at the joint surface
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the line passing through the moving bone perpendicular to the joint surface at the starting position of a movement?
mechanical axis
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the rotational movement around the mechanical axis?
spin
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, when rotation occurs around a stationary mechanical axis?
pure spin
ex: hip, shoulder, humeroradial
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the movement where the mechanical axis traces a path of an arc on opposing joint surface?
impure swing (like a compass used in geometry)
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the movement where the mechanical axis traces the path of a chord (straight line) on opposing joint surface?
pure swing (like a pendulum)
The study of movements occurring between opposing joint surfaces?
arthrokinematics
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the movement in which equidistant points on one surface come into contact with new equidistant points on another surface?
roll (like a tire rolling on a road)
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, what movement tends towards dislocation?
pure roll
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the movement in which a single contact point on the moving surface contacts various points on the opposing surface?
slide (like a tire skidding)
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, which movement tends towards impingement?
pure slide
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, separation of joint surfaces?
distraction
In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, approximation of joint surfaces?
compression
Based on the Convex/Concave rule, what happens when a concave surface moves on a convex surface?
roll and slide occur in the same direction
Based on the Convex/Concave rule, what happens when a convex surface moves on a concave surface?
roll and slide occur in opposite directions
