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Spinal Biomechanics > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of a body without reference to the forces that produce the motion?

A

Kinematics

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2
Q

Branch of mechanics that deals with the relations between the force system acting on a body and the changes it produces in the body motion?

A

Kinetics

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3
Q

A line around which rotatory movement takes place or along which translation occurs?

A

Axis

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4
Q

Motion in which all points of a rigid body do not move in a single plane?

A

out of plane motion

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5
Q

The pivot point around which motion occurs?

A

instantaneous axis of rotation (IAR)

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6
Q

Smallest spinal segment (only 2 adjacent vertebrae) exhibiting biomechanical characteristics?

A

motion segment

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7
Q

Association of one motion about one axis with another motion about a second axis?

A

coupled motion

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8
Q

The number of ways in which a body can move?

A

degrees of freedom

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9
Q

How many degrees of freedom does the spine exhibit?

A

6 degrees

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10
Q

The resting or “neutral” position of a joint, when the greatest amount of play is possible and the capsule is most relaxed?

A

Loose-packed

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11
Q

The position of a joint when the capsule and ligaments are maximally tightened and there is maximal contact between the articular surfaces?

A

close-packed

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12
Q

What are the structural joint classifications?

A

fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

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13
Q

What are the functional joint classifications?

A

synarthrosis
amphiarthrosis
diarthrosis

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14
Q

What are the types of fibrous joints?

A

suture
syndesmosis
gomphosis

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15
Q

What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

A

synchondrosis

symphysis

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16
Q

What are the types of synovial joints?

A

non axial (plane)
uniaxial (hinge, pivot)
biaxial (condylar, ellipsoid, saddle)
triaxial (ball and socket)

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17
Q

Cranial sutures are an example of what structural joint classification?

A

fibrous suture

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18
Q

Distal tibifibular joint is an example of what structural joint classification?

A

fibrous syndesmosis

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19
Q

A joint formed by fibrous connective tissue?

A

Fibrous joint, has little if any movement

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20
Q

Joint between a tooth and socket is an example of what structural joint classification?

A

fibrous gomphosis

21
Q

Epiphyseal plates are an example of what structural joint classification?

A

cartilaginous synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage)

22
Q

Pubic symphysis and IVDs are examples of what structural joint classification?

A

cartilaginous symphysis (fibrocartilaginous)

23
Q

Facets joints in the spine are examples of what structural joint classifications?

A

Synovial plane (nonaxial)

24
Q

Elbow and interphalangeal joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

A

Synovial hinge (uniaxial)

25
Q

Atlantoaxial and radioulnar joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

A

Synovial pivot (uniaxial)

26
Q

Knee joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

A

Synovial condylar (biaxial)

27
Q

Radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

A

synovial ellipsoid (biaxial)

28
Q

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is an example of what structural joint classifications?

A

synovial saddle (biaxial)

29
Q

The hip and shoulder joints are examples of what structural joint classifications?

A

Synovial ball and socket (triaxial)

30
Q

The functional classification of a joint with negligible movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?

A

synarthrosis, fibrous

31
Q

The functional classification of a joint with limited movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?

A

amphiarthrosis, cartilaginous

32
Q

The functional classification of a joint with free movement and the structural classification that corresponds to it?

A

diarthrosis, synovial

33
Q

The study of movement occurring between two bones?

A

osteokinematics

34
Q

MacConaill’s classification of joint movement is concerned with what?

A

the movement occurring at the joint surface

35
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the line passing through the moving bone perpendicular to the joint surface at the starting position of a movement?

A

mechanical axis

36
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the rotational movement around the mechanical axis?

A

spin

37
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, when rotation occurs around a stationary mechanical axis?

A

pure spin

ex: hip, shoulder, humeroradial

38
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the movement where the mechanical axis traces a path of an arc on opposing joint surface?

A

impure swing (like a compass used in geometry)

39
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the movement where the mechanical axis traces the path of a chord (straight line) on opposing joint surface?

A

pure swing (like a pendulum)

40
Q

The study of movements occurring between opposing joint surfaces?

A

arthrokinematics

41
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the movement in which equidistant points on one surface come into contact with new equidistant points on another surface?

A

roll (like a tire rolling on a road)

42
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, what movement tends towards dislocation?

A

pure roll

43
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, the movement in which a single contact point on the moving surface contacts various points on the opposing surface?

A

slide (like a tire skidding)

44
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, which movement tends towards impingement?

A

pure slide

45
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, separation of joint surfaces?

A

distraction

46
Q

In MacConaill’s classification of joint movement, approximation of joint surfaces?

A

compression

47
Q

Based on the Convex/Concave rule, what happens when a concave surface moves on a convex surface?

A

roll and slide occur in the same direction

48
Q

Based on the Convex/Concave rule, what happens when a convex surface moves on a concave surface?

A

roll and slide occur in opposite directions

Spinal Biomechanics (5 decks)

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