Joint Disease Flashcards
___ is characterized by the joint cartilage breakdown causing painful and stiff joints.
Osteoarthritis
T or F Osteoarthritis often only strikes one joint, usually a joint that bear a lot of stress such as the hip, back, knee, or hand joints. .
True
Symptoms of osteoarthritis
painful use of the joint, painful periods after the joint has been used, joint discomfort during significant changes in the weather, swelling in a joint, stiffness of the joint, bony lumps in the hand and finger joints, a decreased amount of joint flexibility.
How does the body attempt to repair the joint in osteoarthritis
bony growth
Risk factors for osteoarthritis
more females than males, age, as osteoarthritis is typically found in people over 45 years of age, joint injuries especially those related to sports, obesity, diseases that cause malformations or disfigurement of the bone structure, weakened quadriceps, and other forms of arthritis.
Is there a lot of inflammation with osteoarthritis?
no
What joints is chronic, degenerative osteoarthritis most likely to effect?
larger weight bearing joints like hip
How many joints are involved in chronic degenerative arthritis?
single or multiple, but no symmetrical
Osteoarthritis is not strictly an aging disease. What other things can contribute to the development of degenerative joint disease?
. Congenital joint deformities, joint trauma, or underlying problems such as hemochromatosis, diabetes mellitus, or obesity
______ does not come from wear and tear on the joints but is known as an inflammatory condition that stems from the immune system.
Rhuematoid arthritis
Who is RA most common in?
women 20-50
RA symptoms
swelling of the joints, in particular the small joints of the hands and feet, loss of range of motion in affected joints, loss of muscular strength in the muscles attached to the affected joints, low grade fever, fatigue which can become severe during times of flare ups, a feeling of stiffness or aching most noticeably after a period of rest or sedentary activities, malaise, a general sense of feeling ill and slow, and with enough time, deformity of the joints.
What is the cause of RA?
CD4 cells aggregate and secrete cytokines to attract B cells and macrophages to form the inflammatory response. Many patients form IgM antibodies to Fc receptors of their own IgG, and these immune complexes are the cause for extra-articular manifestations, and they can be measured as “rheumatoid factor” (RF) in blood.
Joints in RA are most affected form what?
inflammatory synovitis with destructive plannus formation
In RA, erosion of cartilaginous joint surfaces leads to ________.
ulnar deviation of fingers with swan-neck abnormality.
What joints are affected first with RA?
small joints of hands and feet, then wrists, elbows, ankles, knees
How common are rheumatoid nodules?Where do they occur?
may occur in 20% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (and many patients with rheumatic fever).
most often about extensor surfaces, sometimes the pericardium, aortic valve (thankfully rare), lung parenchyma.
Describe the histological appearance of RA nodules.
acellular center of eosinophilic material (“fibrinoid”, as before a mix of plasma proteins) surrounded by palisaded histiocytes and other cells, maybe with a rim of granulation tissue.
