John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, book 2, chapter 1-5 Flashcards
What is John Locke’s central argument against Sir Robert Filmer’s Patriarcha?
Locke argues that political power does not stem from paternal authority, as Filmer claims. He disputes the idea that Adam had absolute monarchical power and that this power was passed down through inheritance, ultimately justifying the rule of kings
How does Locke challenge the notion that “the eldest parents” have a divinely ordained right to rule?
Locke points out the vagueness and ambiguity of the term “eldest parents.” He questions how one would identify these individuals and argues that such a concept is impractical for establishing clear rules of succession and legitimate political authority.
What is Locke’s view of the state of nature?
Unlike Hobbes, Locke views the state of nature more optimistically. Individuals possess inherent rights to life, liberty, and property. They also have the right to enforce these rights, which Locke terms “the executive power of the law of nature.”
According to Locke, what are the “inconveniences” of the state of nature?
Locke acknowledges that the state of nature has drawbacks. The main issue is the lack of a single, common, and known interpretation of the law of nature. This can lead to disputes and conflict. To address this, individuals enter society and establish government.
What are the two stages in Locke’s argument for the creation of government?
Stage 1: Creation of “The Community.” Individuals agree to leave the state of nature and surrender their executive power to the collectivity. This grants them an equal share of political power.
Stage 2: Creation of Government. The community chooses a constitutional form of government—either a constitutional monarchy, democracy, or oligarchy. Absolute monarchy is not a legitimate option
What is tacit consent, according to Locke
Tacit consent is a form of implied consent to government. Anyone who enjoys any possession or benefit within a government’s territory is considered to have tacitly consented to its laws and authority.
What are the conditions under which rebellion is justified, according to Locke
Rebellion is justified when a government:
1) Fails to operate in accordance with the constitution.
2) Breaches the trust placed in it by the citizens.
What is Locke’s belief-based argument for toleration?
Locke argues that force cannot compel genuine belief. Government efforts to impose a particular religion are therefore ineffective and ultimately futile.
