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American Dream > John F. Kennedy > Flashcards

John F. Kennedy Flashcards

1
Q

who was LBJ for Kennedy?

A

vice pres

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2
Q

who was Bobby Kennedy in Kennedy’s administration?

A

ran his election campaign

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3
Q

who was Dean Rusk in Kennedy’s administration?

A

Secretary of State

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4
Q

who was Robert McNamara in Kennedy’s administration?

A

Secretary of Defense

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5
Q

who was Sargent Shriver in Kennedy’s administration?

A

director of peace corps

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6
Q

who was McGeorge Bundy in Kennedy’s administration?

A

US National Security Advisor

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7
Q

what was the ‘New Frontier’?

A

Kennedy’s policies

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8
Q

what did the Housing Act under Kennedy do?

A

created 420,000 construction jobs
$175 million into American workers pockets

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9
Q

how much was spent on extra welfare benefits?

A

$200 million

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10
Q

how many children did the welfare benefits apply to?

A

750,000

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11
Q

how much was invested into unemployment benefits?

A

$780 million

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12
Q

how many Americans did the unemployment benefits help get back on their feet?

A

3 million

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13
Q

what did the 1962 executive order provide?

A

collective bargaining rights for federal employees

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14
Q

when was the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act?

A

1962

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15
Q

what did the 1961 Fair Labour Standards Act do?

A

placed young people in jobs and training to protect them from being underpaid

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16
Q

how much did Social Security benefits increase by?

A

20%

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17
Q

what did the School Lunch Act provided kids?

A

free lunches and milk

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18
Q

how many people did the food stamp programme feed?

A

250,000 people

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19
Q

what is Medicare?

A

universal healthcare bill for the elderly

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20
Q

what did the Social Security Act of 1963 do?

A

millions of children were vaccinated
more attention given to those with learning diabilities and physical disabilities

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21
Q

what did the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1963 do?

A

tightened federal regulations on therapeutic drugs

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22
Q

what was a 1/3 of the New Frontier legislative?

A

Education

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23
Q

what were the 2 main things in the educational aspect of the New Frontier?

A

Vocational Education Act of 1963
expansion of scholarships and student loans

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24
Q

what is the Educational Television Facilities Act of 1962?

A

money provided to aid the use of television in education

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25
Q

how much was spent on Kennedy’s housing programmes?

A

$3.19 billion

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26
Q

where did Kennedy’s housing programmes mainly focus on?

A

middle and low income families and the retired

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27
Q

how much did the urban renewal grants go up by?

A

$2 million to $4 million

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28
Q

how many new houses were constructed during Kennedy’s presidency?

A

100,000

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29
Q

what did the Clean Air Act in 1963 do?

A

expanded the National Park system

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30
Q

what did kennedy do to reduce water pollution?

A

double the funding for it

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31
Q

when was the Presidential Commission on the Status of Women establised?

A

December 1961

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32
Q

when was ‘American Women’ issued?

A

1963

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33
Q

what did ‘American Women highlight?

A

the degree of discrimination against women in the workplace

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34
Q

when was the Equal Pay Act signed into law?

A

June 1963

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35
Q

what did the Equal Pay Act allow for women?

A

171,000 women to reclaim pay amounting to $84 million over the next 10 years

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36
Q

when was the civil rights bill introduced?

A

1963

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37
Q

when was the Voter Education project launched?

A

April 1961

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38
Q

what committee did the Voter Education Project establish?

A

Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity

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39
Q

what forced the desegregation of interstate travel?

A

Interstate Commerce Commission

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40
Q

how much did kennedy given to NASA to put a man on the moon?

A

$9 billion

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41
Q

how many Germans escaped to West Berlin by July 1961?

A

300,000

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42
Q

what did Khrushchev put between East and West Berlin?

A

barbed wire along their boarder

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43
Q

how was the boarder controlled and what were the consequences if it was crossed?

A

strictly controlled
anyone caught faced imprisonment and if you did cross it you were shot

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44
Q

how did Dean Rusk exploit the situation on the boarder of West and East Berlin?

A

used it for propoganda

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45
Q

what did Khrushchev think of Kennedy regarding international issues?

A

thought of him as a coward

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46
Q

when did JFK go to West Berlin?

A

June 1963

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47
Q

why did JFK go to West Berlin?

A

to reiterate US’ commitment to the city and to give speech

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48
Q

what did Kennedy’s visit do in Europe?

A

reduce tensions

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49
Q

what did Khrushchev famously say about Berlin?

A

‘Berlin is the testicle of the West. When I want the West to scream, I squeeze on Berlin’

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50
Q

what CIA plan did JFK inherit?

A

Bay of Pigs

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51
Q

when were majority of exiles captured in Cuba?

A

April 1961

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52
Q

when did Khrushchev place missiles in Cuba?

A

October 1962

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53
Q

who was leader of Cuba?

A

Castro

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54
Q

how long and when was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

13 days, October 1962

55
Q

what does a U2 plane discover?

A

missiles in Cuba

56
Q

how far away were Soviet ships from coast of cuba?

A

750 miles

57
Q

what causes JFK to double flights over Cuba?

A

Soviet refusal to remove missiles

58
Q

what does the first telegram say?

A

Khrushchev offering to remove dismantle missiles if JFK doesn’t invade Cuba

59
Q

what caused the 2nd telegram?

A

U2 plane shot down over Cuba

60
Q

what does the second telegram say?

A

that Kennedy would dismantle missiles in Turkey

60
Q

what did Communist North Vietnam encourage in South Vietnam and why?

A

rebellions
hope to reunify the country and establish guerrilla force

61
Q

what did Kennedy sanction in Vietnam?

A

build up of advisers adn provision to aid Diem

62
Q

how many advisors were in Vietnam in 1960?

A

800

63
Q

how many advisors were in Vietnam in 1963?

A

23,000

64
Q

what were strategic hamlets?

A

moving south Vietnamese peasants from their villages to fortified villages away from influence of Vietcong

65
Q

what did kennedy do to combat guerrilla warfare?

A

adopted tactic ‘flexible response’ using different fighting and propaganda

66
Q

how did Vietcong get support from the South Vietnamese?

A

payed for food and treated them with respect

67
Q

why was ‘strategic hamlets’ resented?

A

because of their spiritual beliefs
couldn’t connect to dead family members to keep their spirit

68
Q

what did diems persecution of Buddhist majority lead to?

A

self - immolation

69
Q

what is self-immolation?

A

setting oneself on fire

70
Q

when was Diem killed?

A

weeks before Kennedy

70
Q

when did the sit-ins start?

A

February 1960

71
Q

who participated in the sit-ins and why?

A

students because they lacked financial commitments and families to care for

72
Q

what were the sit-ins?

A

black students would go into segregated restaurants, sit in white only areas and asked to be served

73
Q

who organised sit-ins?

A

SNCC

74
Q

what does SNCC stand for?

A

Student Non-Violent Co-Coordinating Committee

75
Q

what retaliation did sit-ins face?

A

violence

76
Q

how many sit-ins took place within a month?

A

500,000

77
Q

who set up the Freedom rides?

A

CORE

78
Q

when were the Freedom rides?

A

Spring 1961

79
Q

how many riders were there on the Freedom Ride?

A

13 riders, 7 black, 6 white

80
Q

what was the path of freedom ride?

A

Washington Dc to New Orleans. ended in Jackson Mississippi

81
Q

what did the Freedom Ride prompt?

A

violence and intimidation (badly beaten riders)

81
Q

how many rides were there total?

A

60

82
Q

when were the instructions that ended segregation in interstate travel and facilities?

A

1 Nov 1961

83
Q

what’s the Albany campaign?

A

boycotts in Albany

84
Q

when was the Albany campaign?

A

1961-1962

85
Q

where were the boycotts in the Albany campaign?

A

libraries, parks, buses

86
Q

what instructions did Laurie Pritchett give to officers?

A

protect demonstrators
contact jails to ensure that African Americans wouldn’t be crowed in them
treat MLK with care

87
Q

what happned when MLK was arrested in Albany campaign?

A

offered jail time or to pay a $178 fine (he chose jail time)

88
Q

why was MLK released quickly in Albany campaign?

A

officer paid his fine

89
Q

who is James Meredith?

A

first black person to attend University of Mississippi

90
Q

what did James Meredith take advantage of?

A

GI bill, served in US air force

91
Q

when did James Meredith enroll?

A

October 1962

92
Q

what happened when James Meredith enrolled?

A

riots and 2 killed

93
Q

how many marshalls were brought to maintain control?

A

500

94
Q

how many were injured at ole miss?

A

40

95
Q

when did James Meredith graduate?

A

August 1963wh

96
Q

What did George Wallace do in June 1963 at the University of Alabama?

A

blocked access of 2 black students, which had already been desegregated

97
Q

what did Kennedy have to do at the University of Alabama?

A

federalise the Alabama National Guard

98
Q

who organised the Birmingham campaign?

A

SCLC

99
Q

what does the SCLC stand for?

A

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

100
Q

when was the Birmingham campaign?

A

April 1963

101
Q

why was Birmingham nicknamed Bombingham?

A

Ku Klux Klan bombings

102
Q

what did the Birmingham campaign invovle?

A

marches, sit-ins and boycotts

103
Q

what happened when MLK was arrested during the Birmingham campaign?

A

his wife contacted the Kennedy administration and king was realsed on 20 April 1963

104
Q

who did James Bevel suggest should campaign and why in the Birmingham campaign?

A

young children
they lacked the responsibilities of adult protesters
more media friendly

105
Q

what weapons did the police use in the Birmingham campaign?

A

clubs
dogs
high-pressure fire hoses

106
Q

what was the response to the police brutality in the Birmingham campaign?

A

shocking images made front page news
damaged local businesses

107
Q

what did Burke Marshall negotiate?

A

an agreement to start desegregating facilities

108
Q

what was the aftermath of the Birmingham campaign?

A

3000b federal troops had to be positioned near Birmingham to federalise National Guard
4 months after (September 15) KKK members bombed a church killing 4 young girls

109
Q

when was the March on Washington?

A

27 August 1963

110
Q

how many marchers were at the March on Washington?

A

200,000

111
Q

what 6 civil rights groups attented the March on Washington?

A

CORE
SNCC
SCLC
NAACP
Urban League
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

112
Q

what was the goal of the March on Washington?

A

to increase pressure on the Kennedy Administration to go ahead with the civil rights legislation and to highlight economic prejudice

113
Q

what did Kennedy ensure with the March on Washington?

A

that 19,000 troops were stationed in the suburbs incase of trouble

114
Q

what famous speech was a given at the March on Washington?

A

‘I Have a Dream’ MLK

115
Q

when was MLK awarde the Nobel Peace Prize?

A

1964

116
Q

what did the 1960 Civil Rights Commission say?

A

that 57% of black housing was of substandard quality and said that black life expectancy was 7 years less then white people and infant mortality rate was twice as high

117
Q

what is defranchisement?

A

to be denied the vote either through legal means or social and economic pressures

118
Q

how was the Nation of Islam boosted?

A

exposure of Malcom X from ‘The Hate that Hate Produced’-

119
Q

what is an example fo the general population opposing civil rights?

A

Hazel Massery pictured hurling abuse at Elizabeth Eckford during the Little Rock Crisis

120
Q

where was the White Citizens Council formed?

A

Greenwood, Mississippi

121
Q

when was the White Citizens Councils formed?

A

July 1954

122
Q

who in the middle class were more likely to join the White Citizens Council?

A

local businessmen
bank managers
newspaper proprietors

123
Q

what did the Presidential Commission of the Status of Womenreport?

A

95% of managers were male
4% of lawyers were women
7% of doctors were women
women earned 55% of the wages of men whilist doing the same work

124
Q

what was the most significant development in the feminist movement in Kennedy’s presidency?

A

publishing of ‘The Feminine Mystique’ by Betty Friedan

125
Q

what did ‘The Feminine Mystique’ question?

A

why edcuated women were so dillusioned in the US

126
Q

why didnt women notice thier social situation after the war?

A

because of their lack of energy and little time from the baby boom

127
Q

what is misandry?

A

the hatred of men

128
Q

what did the youth have an increase in?

A

independence through part time jobs

129
Q

how did the youth use their ‘voice’?

A

music
film
fashion

130
Q

what began to develop in major cities?

A

gangs

131
Q

what was one of the first instances of organsied youth?

A

SNCC’s protests
the politicalisation of many young people

American Dream (5 decks)

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