John Balliol And Edward I

Question 1

Balliol’s rule

Answer 1

Coronation – St Andrews day crowning 1292, he was at pressure to recognise Edward as his suzerain

Franco Scot treaty – honoured this and did not supply Ed’s war.

JB letter to Edward – Renouncing of fealty/homage, post Berwick massacre refers to invasion and acts of slaughter and burning and takes control of his rule.

Parliaments: 4x feb ’93 – may ’94. Noble attendance = loyalty, decision-making/governance.

Sheriffs established in difficult western isles (geo remote + most recent acquisition to kingdom)

Justiciars system: 3 created each for a region: control joined up rule of law followed.

Question 2

Edward’s overlordship

Answer 2

Post coronation: King JB recognition of this position inferior to Ed’s suzerainty.

Berwick burgess case: Ed’s overruled JB on a decision regarding a legal complaint.

Macduff case - Ed’s involvement in another Scot case – KB obeying summons only to have meeting rescheduled.

Anglo French war – Edward expectation that JB/scot would supply him/eng in this conflict. (Despite the fact that Franco-Scot trading partner.)

Question 3

the Scottish response

(To Edward)

Answer 3

The Anglo-French war – Edward prepared to go to war vs France, expected Scotland to go with him, they refused due to harm it would cause their economy.

The Franco-Scot treaty – Scotland siding with France instead of contributing to Englands war effort, nobles in Scotland refusing to financially assist. A marriage was proposed to help seal (JB’s son Edward).

Legal claims – some Scot’s appealing to Edward as final authority, (rejection of JB or guardians ruling)
Eg. Berwick burgess, Macduff
(Can become 2 plees if needed!)

Community of the realm – organised to resists this, negotiations with France, perhaps behind JB’s Back.

(Launching attacks on England, invasion of Northumberland provocation of Edward (disobedience))

Question 4

subjugation of Scotland, 1296

Answer 4

subjugation of Scotland, 1296
March 1296 - Scot’s inv, N’ eng, provocation to ed who then invades.

30th march – massacre at Berwick, 1000s Scot’s killed. Clear message sent.

(Early) April 1296 – JB letter to Ed, renouncing his fealty + homage because of Ed’s behaviour: inv + insults, slaughter, Angering ed further + prompting extreme response (‘defaulting vassal’.)

Late April 1296 – Battle of Dunbar – English defeated Scots. 130 nobles taken prisoner – accelerating subjetati9n of Scotland as Scottish resistance is depleted. (JB on the run).

June 1296 – Edward marches north: Stirling castle vacant, keys left behind: suggests defeatism of Scot’s, capitulation, ease of subjugation for Ed.

Early July – JB to ed letter, apologising + surrender…

10th July – Montrose ceremony – JB kingship stripped: power to bestow, power to revoke.

Ragman roll (August 1296) nobles affixing seals to submission document, promise loyalty to ed.

Loss of symbols: law documents, Scot’s Crown Jewels, Holyrood of st. Margaret, stone of destiny.