Jodies questions Flashcards
woooo
What are the 4 histological layers of the trachea
Mucosa, submucosa, cartilaginous and adventia ( deep to supericial)
What type of cartilage is the trachea
Hayline
What is classical conditioning
learning process what occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring one
What is operant conditioning
method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for bad behaviour
Two types of motivation
automatic and reflective
What are the two types of opportunity
physical and social
What are the two types of capability
psychological and physical
What is the base excess
Is the difference from actual and theoretical concentration of HCO3-
How is the theoretical base excess calculated
Patients measured Pco2 assuming no metabolic or renal disturbances
How is the actual base excess calculated
measured pH and Pco2
Acedemia vs acidosis
first is more final
Tell me about O2 and Hb pH and co2
Binding of O2 with Hb displaces Co2 from the blood and binding with o2 with Hb causes Hb to become a stronger acid thus Co2 is less likely to bind
What is the chloride shift
Cl- shift is when the Hco3 diffuses out of the red blood cells into the plasma and Cl2 diffuses into the red blood cell to take their place thus maintain Ph
What is status asthmaticus
severe asthma exacerbation
What is a Cushman spiral
from submucosal gland ducts of bronchi
What are Charcot-leyden crystals
Hexagonal bipyramidal stricture found in the cytoplasm of eosinophils and usually indicative of people with atopic conditions
what is the rule of 2’s
2nd costal cartilage the anterior borders of the lungs meet in midline
4th costal cartilage the anterior border of the left lung moves away from midline
6th costal cartilage the anterior border of the right lung moves away from midline and the lower borders of both lungs cross the midclavicular line
8th rib the lower borders of both lungs cross the midaxillary line
10th rib the lower border of the posterior aspect of both lungs are level with the rib
Where does the rib attach to the shit
rib ataches to vertebral body and tubercle of rib attaches to transverse proves of thoracic vertebrae
What are the layers of the alveolar
Alveolar epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cell, epithelial basement membrane and capillary basement membrane
surface anatomy wise where are the horizontal and oblique fissures
- Horizontal fissure extends from the 4th costal cartilage to the oblique fissues and parietal is somatic and visceral is autonomic
