Jodies questions

Question 1

What are the 4 histological layers of the trachea

Answer 1

Mucosa, submucosa, cartilaginous and adventia ( deep to supericial)

Question 2

What type of cartilage is the trachea

Answer 2

Hayline

Question 3

What is classical conditioning

Answer 3

learning process what occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring one

Question 4

What is operant conditioning

Answer 4

method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for bad behaviour

Question 5

Two types of motivation

Answer 5

automatic and reflective

Question 6

What are the two types of opportunity

Answer 6

physical and social

Question 7

What are the two types of capability

Answer 7

psychological and physical

Question 8

What is the base excess

Answer 8

Is the difference from actual and theoretical concentration of HCO3-

Question 9

How is the theoretical base excess calculated

Answer 9

Patients measured Pco2 assuming no metabolic or renal disturbances

Question 10

How is the actual base excess calculated

Answer 10

measured pH and Pco2

Question 11

Acedemia vs acidosis

Answer 11

first is more final

Question 12

Tell me about O2 and Hb pH and co2

Answer 12

Binding of O2 with Hb displaces Co2 from the blood and binding with o2 with Hb causes Hb to become a stronger acid thus Co2 is less likely to bind

Question 13

What is the chloride shift

Answer 13

Cl- shift is when the Hco3 diffuses out of the red blood cells into the plasma and Cl2 diffuses into the red blood cell to take their place thus maintain Ph

Question 14

What is status asthmaticus

Answer 14

severe asthma exacerbation

Question 15

What is a Cushman spiral

Answer 15

from submucosal gland ducts of bronchi

Question 16

What are Charcot-leyden crystals

Answer 16

Hexagonal bipyramidal stricture found in the cytoplasm of eosinophils and usually indicative of people with atopic conditions

Question 17

what is the rule of 2’s

Answer 17

2nd costal cartilage the anterior borders of the lungs meet in midline
4th costal cartilage the anterior border of the left lung moves away from midline
6th costal cartilage the anterior border of the right lung moves away from midline and the lower borders of both lungs cross the midclavicular line
8th rib the lower borders of both lungs cross the midaxillary line
10th rib the lower border of the posterior aspect of both lungs are level with the rib

Question 18

Where does the rib attach to the shit

Answer 18

rib ataches to vertebral body and tubercle of rib attaches to transverse proves of thoracic vertebrae

Question 19

What are the layers of the alveolar

Answer 19

Alveolar epithelial cells, capillary endothelial cell, epithelial basement membrane and capillary basement membrane

Question 20

surface anatomy wise where are the horizontal and oblique fissures

Answer 20

2. Horizontal fissure extends from the 4th costal cartilage to the oblique fissues and parietal is somatic and visceral is autonomic