Job Design & Job Analysis Flashcards
An effort directed towards producing or accomplishing particular results
Work
The grouping of tasks, duties and responsibilities that constitute the total work assignment for an employee
A job
Work flow analysis
Studies the way work moves through the organization
Re-engineering business process
Generates the needed changes in the business processes
Purpose of re-engineering business process
To improve such activities as product development, customer service and service delivery
Re-engineering requires use of:
Work teams: groups of people who work tg to achieve a common goal
Training employees to do more than one job
Reorganizing operations, workflow and offices to simplify and speed up work
External organizational factors
Environmental uncertainty, availability and introduction of new technology
The manipulation of the content, functions and relationships of jobs in a way that both accomplishes organizational goals and satisfies the personal needs of the employees
Job design
Content of jobs
Tasks performed, autonomy of job holder, complexity of tasks, extent to which job is performed by job holder
Functions of job
Work methods used, responsibility, authority
Realtionships of jobs
Activities shared by job holders and others, how much authority employee has over work, how much decision making the employees performs on the job and how many tasks the employee should complete
Approaches to Job Design
Specialization intensive, motivation intensive, sociotechnical
Total quality management (TQM)
Focuses on the quality of all the processes that leads to the final product or service, requires support of top management and the belief that quality is part of every employee’s job
Who coordinates total quality effort?
South African Quality Institute (SAQI)
How can a company obtain TQM accreditation?
By applying for certification in ISO
Ergonomics
Human factors in designing the employee’s workstations, considering: the back, posture, the hand & environment
1st IR
Used water and steam power to mechanized production
2nd IR
Used electrical power to create mass production
3rd IR
Used electronics and information technology to automate production
4th IR
Digital revolution, technology revolution- changes what we work and relate to others and is characterized by a fusion of technologies that blurring the line between the physical, digital and biological spheres
Approximate the appearance and functions of humans
Anthropomorphic
Machine-like with limited functionality
Noanthropomorphic
A measure of the output of good and services directly relative to the input of labour, material and equipment
Productivity
Feedback performance
Accurate measure of productivity
Major components of productivity
Effectiveness, market needs, resource market and utilization nd efficiency
Utilization
The extent to which we use ther resources
Efficiency
Doing things right
Effectiveness
Doing the right things
Other job design issues
Work schedules, alternate physical locations,
Job analysis
Is a systematic way to gather and analyze information about the content, context and the human requirements of job
What does job analysis investigate?
Levels of decision-making, skills employeesbneed to do a job adequately, autonomy of the job, mental effort required to perform the job, machines operated, reports completed and special financial/other responsibilities and working conditions
To understand a specific job and to be able to make comparisons among ot between jobs, it is important that anyone analyzing a job should know that it can be broken down into several components and arranged into a hierarchy of work activities
Components of a job
Hierarchy of work activities:
Element, task, duty, position, job, occupation, job family
Job analysis problems:
Employee fear, need to update info regularly, job is held by only one or two employees and managers often feel restricted
