HRM in virtual organisations Flashcards
Example of how technology has prompted changes in company structures
Virtual organistations
Example of how technology has modified work arrangements
Virtual teams
Example of how technology has influenced how people are managed
Virtual workplace
Define virtual organisations
Multi-site, multi-organistational and dynamic organisation’s consisting of a grouping of units of different organizations that have joined in an alliance to exploit complementary skills, in pursuing common strategic objectives
Virtual workplace
A new organizational form based on the idea of working anytime, anywhere, in real space or I cyberspace
What are virtual organizations classified as?
Flexible, and their structure as transitory and fluid.
3 forms of virtual work arrangements
Telecommuting, Frontline and cyberlink
Work carried out in a location, eg. Home, that is remote from the central offices, where the employee has no personal contact with the co-workers but is able to communicate with them by electronic means
Telecommuting
Aspects to consider in telecommuting
Whether the location the employee is working from is suitable and whether the equipment is user friendly. Employees have to be provided with logistical support. Performance is monitored. Personal circumstances are monitored as well as changes in job roles.
Advantages of telecommuting for employers
More flexible, happier and reduced relocation of costs.
Disadvantages of telecommuting for employers
Difficult to track time worked, need to change management style and needs to have the appropriate technology in place to handle telecommuters
Advantages of telecommuting for employees
Can concentrate better, spend more time with family and spends less money on petrol/travelling
Disadvantages of telecommuting for employers
Employees might feel lonely, lack of connection and social interactions with other employees
Skills needed for telecommuting
Decision making skills, organizational skills, motivation and communication skills
Frontline model
Moving employees into the field to work from remote locations
Advantages of Frontline model
Offices can be shared, huge cost savings for the organization. Better service delivery as employees are physically closer
Cyberlink model
Customers, suppliers and/or producers form teams to manage work collaboratively
Goal of cyberlink model
Captures the heart and minds of the customer and encourage repeat business
What doesthe core of cyberlink consist of?
Virtual teams
Teams of people who use telecommunications technology to link team members who are dispersed geographically
Virtual teams
Characteristics of virtual teams
Groups must be interdependent and be committed to working together. Have strong communication skills. Be motivated and energetic. Have shared leadership.
Factors that contribute to the success of virtual teams
Training of team members, trust, soft skills and leadership.
Generations of employees
Traditionalists, baby boomers, Gen X, millennials, Gen Z
Major trait of a Traditionalist
Loyalty
Major trait of baby boomers
Competitiveness
Major trait of Gen X
Self-alliance
Major trait of Millennials
Immediacy
Major trait of Gen Z
Connectedness
Types of virtual teams
Project, service and process teams
Project teams
Members come together to work on a specific duration of a project
Service teams
Main responsibility is to solve problems and provide advice
Process teams
Membership of process teams are likely to be fluid as Membership are called upon to address the challenges the team is facing at any time
Why virtual teams?
Cost benefits, complexity of virtual teamwork and technology for virtual teams
Enhancer
Promotes trust and maintain effective working relationships
Derialiers
The inability to establish the additional levels of trust that remote employees require- lack of communication and a lack of comfort and expertise with technologies
Coach
How they can personally build stronger organizations
Architect
Help turn general and generic ideas into blueprints for organizational action
Designer/Deliver
Shape and encourage employee behavior
Facilitator
Make change happen and sustain that change
Leader
Must have credibility to play effective role in the organization
HR practices in virtual organizations
Job analysis
Staffing
Recruitment
Selection and on boarding
Training and development
E-learning and M-learning
Performance appraisal
Compensation
Negotiation
The use of internet electronic media and info and communication technology to conduct training online
E-learning
A sub-set of e-learning, educational technology and distance education? Which focused on learning across contexts and learning with mobile devices
M-learning
Four variables of transfer knowledge
Organizational, Human, IT and trust factors
The culture of the organization and it’s structure
Organizational factor
Self efficacy and reward systems
Human factors
IT infrastructure and incentive mechanisms
IT factors
Employee willingness to share their knowledge and trust employees
Trust factors
