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MGMT 525 Test 3 > Job Design > Flashcards

Job Design Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five traditional approaches to job design?

A
  1. Scientific Management
  2. Humanistic Theories of the Worker
  3. Horizontal Job Redesign
  4. Vertical Job Redesign
  5. Job Characteristics Theory
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2
Q

Who founded scientific management and what were they looking for?

A

Frederick Taylor

EFFICIENCY, the best way to do things

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3
Q

What is the background of scientific management?

A

Semiskilled work
Immigrant workforce- different values, language
Needed to simplify work for diverse workforce

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4
Q

What are the four main principles of scientific management?

A
  1. Specialization (division of labor)
  2. Standardization
  3. Measurement
  4. One best way
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5
Q

3 conclusion of scientific management?

A
  1. Simplify work
  2. Make work more efficient- more profitable
  3. Workers- merely factor of production
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6
Q

What are the three humanistic theories of the worker?

A
  1. Human Relations Movement
  2. Higher Order Needs
  3. Two Factor Theory
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7
Q

What do the humanistic theories of the worker look at?

A

worker needs

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8
Q

Who is responsible for the human relations movement? What is it concerned with?

A

Hawthorne Studies done by Western Electric

social needs

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9
Q

Which people focused on higher order needs are what are the two higher order needs?

A

Maslow and Alderfer
Self-actualization
Esteem

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10
Q

Who is responsible for the two factor theory and what is it concerned with?

A

Herzberg
Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
motivator factors in job itself- responsibility, achievement. and growth

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11
Q

What is horizontal job redesign?

A

it is the opposite of scientific management (did few things); here you do many tasks on the same level

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12
Q

What are the two areas of horizontal job redesign?

A
  1. Job Enlargement

2. Job Rotation

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13
Q

What is job enlargement? Give an example.

A

Increase number of tasks on one job

Ex. improve factory work- more variety, less repetitive

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14
Q

What is job rotation? Give an example.

A

Do different job tasks on different jobs.

Ex. cross training- able to do different jobs (like in medical field)
Japanese- move managers around company for 10-year period which allows them to see the big picture and build a network

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15
Q

What is vertical job redesign?

A

takes tasks from higher levels

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16
Q

What are the two areas of vertical job redesign and explain each?

A
  1. Job enrichment (vertical loading)

2. Bring down tasks done by supervisor (based on Herzberg); ex. plan, organize

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17
Q

What is the job characteristics theory model?

A

core job characteristics → critical psychological states → consequences

18
Q

What are the five applications of the job characteristics theory?

A
  1. Combine tasks into larger tasks
  2. Form natural work teams
  3. Establish customer relations
  4. Vertical job loading
  5. Open feedback channels
19
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 1 of the job characteristics theory?

A

variety

identity

20
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 2 of the job characteristics theory?

A

identity

significance

21
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 3 of the job characteristics theory?

A

variety
identity
significance
feedback

22
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 4 of the job characteristics theory?

A

variety

autonomy

23
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 5 of the job characteristics theory?

A

feedback from superiors, coworkers, and customers

24
Q

What are the two international approaches to job design?

A

Japanese and Scandinavian

25
What are the four areas of Japanese approaches to job design?
Deming's TQM, lean production, statistical controls, and group orientation
26
What is Deming's TQM?
total quality management
27
What is lean production?
Just In Time (JIT)- calculate when you'll need a part
28
What are statistical controls?
Statistical Process Control (SPC)- map error rate over time using upper control and lower control limits to decrease variation
29
What is group orientation?
Quality Control (QC) suggest improvements
30
What are the three areas of Scandinavian approach to job design?
1. Socialistic capitalism- do things together 2. Taxes on individuals, not company 3. SAAB, Volvo- self managed work groups
31
What are the four innovations in work design?
1. Telecommuting 2. Job sharing 3. Compressed workweek 4. Flextime
32
What are the advantages of telecommuting?
Higher productivity Lower absenteeism Higher satisfaction Increased opportunity for special worker (handicapped)
33
What are the disadvantages of telecommuting?
Difficult to supervise Requires self discipline Customers have less access Social isolation (little social interaction in work)
34
Give an example of job sharing.
Instead of one person working 40 hours a week, two people work twenty hours a week.
35
What are the advantages of job sharing?
Career couples can split job Ideal for part-time worker More input into a job
36
What are the disadvantages of job sharing?
Legal benefits are based on full time jobs Lost time coordinating jobholders Two to supervise on job instead of one
37
What are the advantages of a compressed workweek?
More days off- appointment, long weekends | Higher job satisfaction
38
What are the disadvantages of a compressed workweek?
Fatigue in 10 hour days | Less productivity
39
What is flextime?
Doesn't matter when you work as long as you get the job done
40
What are the advantages of flextime?
More flexibility in work/life (schedule appointments, sick children,etc.) Higher satisfaction Less traffic, parking gridlock
41
What are the disadvantages of flextime?
Difficult to supervise Less productive Less access for customers

MGMT 525 Test 3 (5 decks)

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