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MGMT 525 Test 3 > Job Design > Flashcards

Job Design Flashcards

1
Q

What are the five traditional approaches to job design?

A
  1. Scientific Management
  2. Humanistic Theories of the Worker
  3. Horizontal Job Redesign
  4. Vertical Job Redesign
  5. Job Characteristics Theory
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2
Q

Who founded scientific management and what were they looking for?

A

Frederick Taylor

EFFICIENCY, the best way to do things

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3
Q

What is the background of scientific management?

A

Semiskilled work
Immigrant workforce- different values, language
Needed to simplify work for diverse workforce

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4
Q

What are the four main principles of scientific management?

A
  1. Specialization (division of labor)
  2. Standardization
  3. Measurement
  4. One best way
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5
Q

3 conclusion of scientific management?

A
  1. Simplify work
  2. Make work more efficient- more profitable
  3. Workers- merely factor of production
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6
Q

What are the three humanistic theories of the worker?

A
  1. Human Relations Movement
  2. Higher Order Needs
  3. Two Factor Theory
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7
Q

What do the humanistic theories of the worker look at?

A

worker needs

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8
Q

Who is responsible for the human relations movement? What is it concerned with?

A

Hawthorne Studies done by Western Electric

social needs

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9
Q

Which people focused on higher order needs are what are the two higher order needs?

A

Maslow and Alderfer
Self-actualization
Esteem

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10
Q

Who is responsible for the two factor theory and what is it concerned with?

A

Herzberg
Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
motivator factors in job itself- responsibility, achievement. and growth

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11
Q

What is horizontal job redesign?

A

it is the opposite of scientific management (did few things); here you do many tasks on the same level

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12
Q

What are the two areas of horizontal job redesign?

A
  1. Job Enlargement

2. Job Rotation

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13
Q

What is job enlargement? Give an example.

A

Increase number of tasks on one job

Ex. improve factory work- more variety, less repetitive

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14
Q

What is job rotation? Give an example.

A

Do different job tasks on different jobs.

Ex. cross training- able to do different jobs (like in medical field)
Japanese- move managers around company for 10-year period which allows them to see the big picture and build a network

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15
Q

What is vertical job redesign?

A

takes tasks from higher levels

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16
Q

What are the two areas of vertical job redesign and explain each?

A
  1. Job enrichment (vertical loading)

2. Bring down tasks done by supervisor (based on Herzberg); ex. plan, organize

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17
Q

What is the job characteristics theory model?

A

core job characteristics → critical psychological states → consequences

18
Q

What are the five applications of the job characteristics theory?

A
  1. Combine tasks into larger tasks
  2. Form natural work teams
  3. Establish customer relations
  4. Vertical job loading
  5. Open feedback channels
19
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 1 of the job characteristics theory?

A

variety

identity

20
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 2 of the job characteristics theory?

A

identity

significance

21
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 3 of the job characteristics theory?

A

variety
identity
significance
feedback

22
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 4 of the job characteristics theory?

A

variety

autonomy

23
Q

What are the core job characteristics of application 5 of the job characteristics theory?

A

feedback from superiors, coworkers, and customers

24
Q

What are the two international approaches to job design?

A

Japanese and Scandinavian

25
Q

What are the four areas of Japanese approaches to job design?

A

Deming’s TQM, lean production, statistical controls, and group orientation

26
Q

What is Deming’s TQM?

A

total quality management

27
Q

What is lean production?

A

Just In Time (JIT)- calculate when you’ll need a part

28
Q

What are statistical controls?

A

Statistical Process Control (SPC)- map error rate over time using upper control and lower control limits to decrease variation

29
Q

What is group orientation?

A

Quality Control (QC) suggest improvements

30
Q

What are the three areas of Scandinavian approach to job design?

A
  1. Socialistic capitalism- do things together
  2. Taxes on individuals, not company
  3. SAAB, Volvo- self managed work groups
31
Q

What are the four innovations in work design?

A
  1. Telecommuting
  2. Job sharing
  3. Compressed workweek
  4. Flextime
32
Q

What are the advantages of telecommuting?

A

Higher productivity
Lower absenteeism
Higher satisfaction
Increased opportunity for special worker (handicapped)

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of telecommuting?

A

Difficult to supervise
Requires self discipline
Customers have less access
Social isolation (little social interaction in work)

34
Q

Give an example of job sharing.

A

Instead of one person working 40 hours a week, two people work twenty hours a week.

35
Q

What are the advantages of job sharing?

A

Career couples can split job
Ideal for part-time worker
More input into a job

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of job sharing?

A

Legal benefits are based on full time jobs
Lost time coordinating jobholders
Two to supervise on job instead of one

37
Q

What are the advantages of a compressed workweek?

A

More days off- appointment, long weekends

Higher job satisfaction

38
Q

What are the disadvantages of a compressed workweek?

A

Fatigue in 10 hour days

Less productivity

39
Q

What is flextime?

A

Doesn’t matter when you work as long as you get the job done

40
Q

What are the advantages of flextime?

A

More flexibility in work/life (schedule appointments, sick children,etc.)
Higher satisfaction
Less traffic, parking gridlock

41
Q

What are the disadvantages of flextime?

A

Difficult to supervise
Less productive
Less access for customers

MGMT 525 Test 3 (5 decks)

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