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Passmed > JMS > Flashcards

JMS Flashcards

1
Q

CA125

A

Ovarian

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2
Q

CA19-9

A

Pancreatic cancer

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3
Q

CA15-3

A

Breast cancer

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4
Q

AFP

A

hepatocellular

teratoma

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5
Q

CEA

A

CRC

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6
Q

S100

A

Malenoma

shwanoma

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7
Q

Bombesin

A

Small cell lung cancer
Gastric cancer
Neuroblastoma

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8
Q

Anti MBP

A

MS

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9
Q

Anti mitochondrial (AMA)

A

primary bilirary cirrhosis

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10
Q

anti-smooth muscle ab

A

autoimune hepatitis

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11
Q

anti-nuclear ab

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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12
Q

Mx of general tonic clonic seizure

A

volporate

or lamotrigine/carbamezapine

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13
Q

Mx of absence seizure

A

volporate

or ethosuximide

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14
Q

Myoclonic seizure mx

A

valporate

or clonozepam/ lamotrigine

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15
Q

Partial seizure mx

A

carbamezapine or lamotrigine

valporate

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16
Q

Ventricular Rate control meds

A

Beta blocker or calcium channel blocker
digoxin
amiodarone

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17
Q

Ventricular rhythm control meds

A

sotalol
amiodarone
flecainide

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18
Q

Anti-Hbc

A

previous hepetitis infection

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19
Q

Anti-Hbs

A

immunisation

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20
Q

Hbs antigen

A

current infection

21
Q

Hbe antigen

A

infective

22
Q

Warfarin INR range for VTE?

A
  1. 5-3

3. 5 if recurrent

23
Q

TB pneumonia features

A
  • dry cough

- erythema multiforme (symmetrical target shaped rash with a central blister)

24
Q

klebsiella pneumonia feature

A

alcoholic

25
Q

sickle cell anaemia sx?

A

Haemolytic crisis
Thrombotic crisis
Sequestration crisis
Aplastic crisis

26
Q

Sequestration crisis

A

HbSS

  • hyposplenism
  • pooling of blood within spleen and lungs worsening anaemia
27
Q

Aplastic crises

A

HbSS

  • caused by infection with parvovirus
  • sudden fall in haemoglobin
28
Q

Anaphylaxis mx

A

adults above 12 yo:
500 microg adrenaline IM
200 mg hydrocortisine
20 mg chlorphenamine

29
Q

External otitis mx?

A 
Acetic acid if mild 
If severe (hearing loss), give topical abx +/- steroids
30
Q

Gell and coombs hypersensitivity classification

A

types:

  1. anaphylactic: IgE
  2. cell bound: IgG or IgM
  3. immune complex: IgG or IgA
  4. delayed hypersensitivity: T cell mediated
  5. antibodies (graves or myasthesia gravis)
31
Q

Gell and coombs hypersensitivity 1

A

anaphylactic:
- Antigen reacts with IgE bound to mast cells
- eg TB

32
Q

Gell and coombs hypersensitivity 2

A

cell bound:

  • IgG or IgM binds to antigen on cell surface
  • eg pernicious anaemia
33
Q

Gell and coombs hypersensitivity 3

A

Immune complex:

  • Free antigen and antibody (IgG, IgA) combine
  • eg SLE
34
Q

Gell and coombs hypersensitivity 4

A

Delayed hypersensitivity:

  • T-cell mediated
  • TB
35
Q

Gell and coombs hypersensitivity 5

A

Antibodies that recognise and bind to the cell surface receptors.

  • either stimulating them or blocking ligand binding
  • eg graves or ME
36
Q

Heart failure mx

A

First line: B blocker and ACEi (if CI: ARB)
Second line: add spironolactone or ARB or hydralazine + nitrate
Third line: cardiac resynchronisation therapy or digoxin

37
Q

Hypokalaemia ecg

A

In Hypokalaemia, U have no Pot and no T, but a long PR and a long QT

38
Q

INR 5-8 management

A 
If no bleed:
- miss 1 or 2 warfarin dose
- reduce future dose
If minor bleed
- stop warfarin
- give vit K 
- restart warfarin when INR<5
39
Q

INR >8 management

A

If no bleed
- stop warfarin + give vit K until INR <5
If minor bleed
- stop warfarin + give vit K until INR <5
If major bleed
- - stop warfarin + give vit K + prothrombin complex

40
Q

Glucocorticoid/mineralcorticoid activities of common steroids

A
  1. mainly MC: fludrocortisone
  2. high MC, some GC: hydrocortisone
  3. low MC, high GC: prednisolone
  4. Mainly GC: betamethasone/ dexamethasone
41
Q

Dorsal column

A

fine touch, proprioception and vibratio

42
Q

Spinothalamic

A

Temp/ crude touch/ pain

43
Q

Stable angina treatment?

A

statin + aspirin + GTN PNR
1st line: B blocker or CCB (verapamil or diltiazem)
2nd line: B blocker + CCB (nifedipine)
3rd line: ivabradine, nicorandil or ranolazine

44
Q

Which class of drugs cant be given with B blockers?

A

non-dihydropyridine (E.g verapamil and diltiazem) as could cause complete heart block

45
Q

Breast surgery depend on lump size

A

If <4cm, wide local excision

If >4cm mastectomy

46
Q

UC sevirity

A

more than 6 stools/day and:

  • Temp> 37.8°C
  • HR> 90
  • Hb <105
  • ESR >30
47
Q

Haemorrhoids classification

A

External
originate below the dentate line
prone to thrombosis, may be painful

Internal
originate above the dentate line
do not generally cause pain

48
Q

Internal haemorrhoids classification

A

Grade I Do not prolapse out of the anal canal
Grade II Prolapse on defecation but reduce spontaneously
Grade III Can be manually reduced
Grade IV Cannot be reduced

49
Q

Thrombosed haemorrhoids management

A

If within 72 hours, refer for excision

If more, stool softeners, analgesia and steroids resolves within 10 days

Passmed (5 decks)

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