JJK3 Flashcards
Name 5 typical anti-parasitic agents you might find in a dog collar
Propoxur
Diazinon
Permethrin
Deltamethrin
Amitraz
What class is Propoxur (10%)
Carbamate
What class is Diazinon (dimpylate) (15%)
Organophosphorus
What class is Permethrin (cis: trans 40:60)
Pyrethroid
What class is Delamethrin (4%)
Pyrethroid, dogs
What class is Amitraz (9%)
Amidine
Outline 2 ways of preparing matrix collars
- mix all constituents of collar together in their molten or solution state, followed by moulding or co-extrusion into the desired shape.
- A solution of monomer can be allowed to polymerise in the presence of the drug.
Which polymers are usually used to prepare collars
Low molecular weight thermoplastic polymers such as
PVC
Polyurethane
Why would you use polyurethane over PVC in a dog collar
improves resistance of the matrix to swelling when exposed to water during swimming or bathing
What could you do to aid release of solid drug from a collar
Addition of a plasticiser
Example of plasticising agent
Dioctyl phthalate
Examples of spreading agents
Silicone oils, fatty acids (such as stearic acid), fatty acid esters (waxes)
Examples of stabilisers
Ca/Zn stearate synergistically in combination
Example of anti-oxidants
Vitamin E - tocopherols in soybean oil
What happens to unsaturated fatty acids in soybean oil
they form epoxide rings which readily react with HCl (formed upon breakdown of PVC)
What is the active ingredient in Gulliver’s flea collar
Dimpylate (as stabilised diazinon at 92% diazinon)
What is the indication of Seresto collar?
Tics, fleas, lice in dogs >8kg
What are the active ingredients in Seresto collar?
Imidacloprid
Flumethrin
What is the function of propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate
Plasticiser
Drug release enhancing spreading agent
What is another name for propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate
Propylene glycol octanoate decanoate
What is propylene glycol dicaprylocaprate a mixture of?
Dicaprylic (C8)
Dicaproic (C10) esters of propylene glycol
Give 4 examples of spot on treatments for dogs/cats
Imidacloprid/ moxidectin - dogs
Emodepside/ praziquantel - cats
Permethrin - dogs
Fipronil - dogs, cats
Do solvents or co solvents have a lower boiling point
Co solvents (< 80)
3 examples of co-solvents
Acetone
Ethanol
IPA
is the co-solvent or solvent more volatile
Co-solvent
What is the ratio co-solvents are present in in spot on formulations
1/15 - 1/12
4 examples of spot on solvents
Alcohols
Glycols
N-methyl pyrrolidine
Hydrocarbon oils
Are spot ons usually aqueous or non-aqueous?
Non-aqueous
Give examples of crystallisation inhibitors in spot ons
PVP, PEGs, benzyl alcohol, glycerol, polysorbates
Anionic surfactants - Na or K stearate
Cationic surfactants - quaternary ammonium compounds
Non-ionic surfactants - polysorbate 80
What range are crystallisation inhibitors present in spot ons in?
5-15%
API in Advantage
Imidacloprid
Describe the look of Advantage
clear liquid, non-aqueous, yello
Indication of Advantage
Treatment and prevention of flea infestation in dogs and cats
API in Advocate
Imidacloprid
Moxidectin
Advocate species
Dogs and cats
What is moxidectin?
A second generation macrocyclic lactone of milbemycin family.
How is moxidectin absorbed?
Systemically
How is Imidacloprid absorbed?
Topically
What is imidacloprid
Nitroguanidine bearing a chloronicotiinyl group
What is moxidectin effective against
GI worms, lice, heartworm
What is Imidacloprid effective against
Fleas
API in Advantix
Imidacloprid
Permethrin
Indication of Advantix
Treatment and prevention of flea infestation in dogs only
Can Advantix be used in cats?
No, it is poisonous to them as they are unable to metabolise permethrin
API in Stronghold
Selamectin
Indications of Stronghold
- Fleas in cats and dogs
- Lice in cats and dogs
- Heartworm and ear mites in cats
- Hookworm and roundworm in cats
- Sarcoptic mange in dogs
